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<meta name="DC.Title" content="White Matter Alterations in Spastic Paraplegia Type 5: A Multiparametric Structural MRI Study and Correlations with Biochemical Measurements" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7344" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2022-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2022 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In spastic paraplegia type 5, spinal cord atrophy and white matter signal abnormalities in the brain are the main MR imaging alterations. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. We explored the microstructural changes occurring in spastic paraplegia type 5 and assessed the relation between MR imaging and clinical data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and 17 healthy controls were scanned with DTI and T1 mapping on a 3T MR imaging scanner. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and T1 values were obtained using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and the Spinal Cord Toolbox. Neurofilament light and myelin basic protein in the CSF were measured. The differences in MR imaging and biochemical data between patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and healthy controls were compared using the Student t test.

RESULTS: A widespread reduction of fractional anisotropy values and an elevation of mean diffusivity, T1, and radial diffusivity values were found in most cervical, T4, and T5 spinal cords; corona radiata; optic radiations; and internal capsules in spastic paraplegia type 5. A variation in axial diffusivity values was shown only in C2, C6, and the corona radiata but not in the gray matter. The levels of neurofilament light and myelin basic protein were higher in those with spastic paraplegia type 5 than in healthy controls (myelin basic protein, 3507 [SD, 2291] versus 127 [SD, 219]  pg/mL; neurofilament light, 617 [SD, 207] versus 265 [SD, 187]  pg/mL; P  &lt; .001). No correlation was found between the clinical data and MR imaging–derived measures.

CONCLUSIONS: Multiparametric MR imaging and biochemical indicators demonstrated that demyelination (mainly) and axonal loss led to the white matter integrity loss without gray matter injury in spastic paraplegia type 5.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
HC
:   healthy control
HSP
:   hereditary spastic paraplegia
MBP
:   myelin basic protein
MD
:   mean diffusivity
NFL
:   neurofilament light
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SPG5
:   spastic paraplegia type 5
SPRS
:   Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Liu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Ye" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Hu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Xiao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Zhang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Yang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W. Chen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Fu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Cao" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2022-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="White Matter Alterations in Spastic Paraplegia Type 5: A Multiparametric Structural MRI Study and Correlations with Biochemical Measurements" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In spastic paraplegia type 5, spinal cord atrophy and white matter signal abnormalities in the brain are the main MR imaging alterations. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. We explored the microstructural changes occurring in spastic paraplegia type 5 and assessed the relation between MR imaging and clinical data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Seventeen patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and 17 healthy controls were scanned with DTI and T1 mapping on a 3T MR imaging scanner. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and T1 values were obtained using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and the Spinal Cord Toolbox. Neurofilament light and myelin basic protein in the CSF were measured. The differences in MR imaging and biochemical data between patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and healthy controls were compared using the Student &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A widespread reduction of fractional anisotropy values and an elevation of mean diffusivity, T1, and radial diffusivity values were found in most cervical, T4, and T5 spinal cords; corona radiata; optic radiations; and internal capsules in spastic paraplegia type 5. A variation in axial diffusivity values was shown only in C2, C6, and the corona radiata but not in the gray matter. The levels of neurofilament light and myelin basic protein were higher in those with spastic paraplegia type 5 than in healthy controls (myelin basic protein, 3507 [SD, 2291] versus 127 [SD, 219]  pg/mL; neurofilament light, 617 [SD, 207] versus 265 [SD, 187]  pg/mL; &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .001). No correlation was found between the clinical data and MR imaging–derived measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multiparametric MR imaging and biochemical indicators demonstrated that demyelination (mainly) and axonal loss led to the white matter integrity loss without gray matter injury in spastic paraplegia type 5.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2022/01/01" />
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<meta name="citation_section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="56" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Y. Liu" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dDepartment of Medical Imaging Technology (Y.L.), College of Medical Technology and Engineering" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-3426" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Z. Ye" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bNeurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eDepartment of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="J. Hu" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Z. Xiao" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="gDepartment of Biomedical Sciences (Z.X.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="F. Zhang" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-9042" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="X. Yang" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0171-5003" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="W. Chen" />
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<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eDepartment of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="fFujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology (W.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Y. Fu" />
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<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eDepartment of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="White Matter Alterations in Spastic Paraplegia Type 5: A Multiparametric Structural MRI Study and Correlations with Biochemical Measurements" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In spastic paraplegia type 5, spinal cord atrophy and white matter signal abnormalities in the brain are the main MR imaging alterations. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. We explored the microstructural changes occurring in spastic paraplegia type 5 and assessed the relation between MR imaging and clinical data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and 17 healthy controls were scanned with DTI and T1 mapping on a 3T MR imaging scanner. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and T1 values were obtained using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and the Spinal Cord Toolbox. Neurofilament light and myelin basic protein in the CSF were measured. The differences in MR imaging and biochemical data between patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and healthy controls were compared using the Student t test.

RESULTS: A widespread reduction of fractional anisotropy values and an elevation of mean diffusivity, T1, and radial diffusivity values were found in most cervical, T4, and T5 spinal cords; corona radiata; optic radiations; and internal capsules in spastic paraplegia type 5. A variation in axial diffusivity values was shown only in C2, C6, and the corona radiata but not in the gray matter. The levels of neurofilament light and myelin basic protein were higher in those with spastic paraplegia type 5 than in healthy controls (myelin basic protein, 3507 [SD, 2291] versus 127 [SD, 219]  pg/mL; neurofilament light, 617 [SD, 207] versus 265 [SD, 187]  pg/mL; P  &lt; .001). No correlation was found between the clinical data and MR imaging–derived measures.

CONCLUSIONS: Multiparametric MR imaging and biochemical indicators demonstrated that demyelination (mainly) and axonal loss led to the white matter integrity loss without gray matter injury in spastic paraplegia type 5.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
HC
:   healthy control
HSP
:   hereditary spastic paraplegia
MBP
:   myelin basic protein
MD
:   mean diffusivity
NFL
:   neurofilament light
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SPG5
:   spastic paraplegia type 5
SPRS
:   Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="White Matter Alterations in Spastic Paraplegia Type 5: A Multiparametric Structural MRI Study and Correlations with Biochemical Measurements" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/43/1/56" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In spastic paraplegia type 5, spinal cord atrophy and white matter signal abnormalities in the brain are the main MR imaging alterations. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. We explored the microstructural changes occurring in spastic paraplegia type 5 and assessed the relation between MR imaging and clinical data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and 17 healthy controls were scanned with DTI and T1 mapping on a 3T MR imaging scanner. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and T1 values were obtained using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and the Spinal Cord Toolbox. Neurofilament light and myelin basic protein in the CSF were measured. The differences in MR imaging and biochemical data between patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and healthy controls were compared using the Student t test.

RESULTS: A widespread reduction of fractional anisotropy values and an elevation of mean diffusivity, T1, and radial diffusivity values were found in most cervical, T4, and T5 spinal cords; corona radiata; optic radiations; and internal capsules in spastic paraplegia type 5. A variation in axial diffusivity values was shown only in C2, C6, and the corona radiata but not in the gray matter. The levels of neurofilament light and myelin basic protein were higher in those with spastic paraplegia type 5 than in healthy controls (myelin basic protein, 3507 [SD, 2291] versus 127 [SD, 219]  pg/mL; neurofilament light, 617 [SD, 207] versus 265 [SD, 187]  pg/mL; P  &lt; .001). No correlation was found between the clinical data and MR imaging–derived measures.

CONCLUSIONS: Multiparametric MR imaging and biochemical indicators demonstrated that demyelination (mainly) and axonal loss led to the white matter integrity loss without gray matter injury in spastic paraplegia type 5.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
HC
:   healthy control
HSP
:   hereditary spastic paraplegia
MBP
:   myelin basic protein
MD
:   mean diffusivity
NFL
:   neurofilament light
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SPG5
:   spastic paraplegia type 5
SPRS
:   Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Adult Brain</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">White Matter Alterations in Spastic Paraplegia Type 5: A Multiparametric Structural MRI Study and Correlations with Biochemical Measurements</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Y. Liu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Z. Ye</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J. Hu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Z. Xiao</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">F. Zhang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">X. Yang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">W. Chen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Y. Fu</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">D. Cao</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2022,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">43 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">56-62; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7344 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-94894--6380757203" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Liu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Medical Imaging Technology (Y.L.), College of Medical Technology and Engineering</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLiu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liu%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLiu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-3426" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Liu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Ye </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BYe%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ye%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BYe%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-814X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Z. Ye</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Hu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BHu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hu%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BHu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-6613" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Hu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Xiao </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Department of Biomedical Sciences (Z.X.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BXiao%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Xiao%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BXiao%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-7403" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Z. Xiao</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Zhang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BZhang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhang%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BZhang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-9042" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Zhang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Yang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BYang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yang%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BYang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0171-5003" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. Yang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W. Chen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology (W.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.%2BChen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chen%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.%2BChen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9472-8494" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for W. 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Fu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BFu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fu%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BFu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-3945" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. 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Cao </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions (D.C.), First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BCao%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cao%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BCao%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-3143" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 43</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2022 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2022, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">43 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">56-62; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7344 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2022, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">43 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">56-62; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7344 </span></div>
  
  
  
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