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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Petrobasal Vein: A Previously Unrecognized Vein Directly Connecting the Superior Petrosal Sinus with the Emissary Vein of the Foramen Ovale" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7345" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2022-01-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The superior petrosal sinus terminates anteriorly at the cavernous sinus and posteriorly at the transverse sinus. Venous variations directly connecting the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale are not well-recognized. We present a connecting vein, provisionally named the petrobasal vein.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biplane cerebral angiography of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and the vertebral artery acquired in 267 patients was retrospectively reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists with special interest in the existence and course of the petrobasal vein.

RESULTS: The petrobasal vein was observed to lie anterior-posteriorly on the superior surface of the petrosal bone and connected to the midportion of the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale in 41 patients (15%) and sides (7.9%); it drained into the pterygoid plexus. The petrobasal vein was observed on VAG in 21 patients, on ICAG alone in 8 patients (9 sides), on both VAG and ICAG in 12 patients, and on ICAG in 1 patient. In the patients in whom the petrobasal vein was visualized on the ICAs, the superficial middle cerebral vein drained into a combination of the pterygoid plexus via the emissary veins of the foramen ovale and the superior petrosal sinus.

CONCLUSIONS: The petrobasal vein, an unknown vein directly connecting the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale and draining into the pterygoid plexus, can occasionally be identified on cerebral angiography as a variant drainage route from the cerebellum and brainstem veins and/or from the superficial middle cerebral vein. The petrobasal vein is thought to be a remnant of the primitive tentorial sinus.

dAVF
:   dural AVF
EVFO
:   emissary vein of the foramen ovale
ICAG
:   internal carotid angiography
PBV
:   petrobasal vein
PTS
:   primitive tentorial sinus
SMCV
:   superior middle cerebral vein
SPS
:   superior petrosal sinus
VA
:   vertebral artery
VAG
:   vertebral angiography" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Ide" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Kiyosue" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Shimada" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Tanoue" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Tokuyama" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Asayama" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2022-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Petrobasal Vein: A Previously Unrecognized Vein Directly Connecting the Superior Petrosal Sinus with the Emissary Vein of the Foramen Ovale" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The superior petrosal sinus terminates anteriorly at the cavernous sinus and posteriorly at the transverse sinus. Venous variations directly connecting the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale are not well-recognized. We present a connecting vein, provisionally named the petrobasal vein.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Biplane cerebral angiography of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and the vertebral artery acquired in 267 patients was retrospectively reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists with special interest in the existence and course of the petrobasal vein.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The petrobasal vein was observed to lie anterior-posteriorly on the superior surface of the petrosal bone and connected to the midportion of the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale in 41 patients (15%) and sides (7.9%); it drained into the pterygoid plexus. The petrobasal vein was observed on VAG in 21 patients, on ICAG alone in 8 patients (9 sides), on both VAG and ICAG in 12 patients, and on ICAG in 1 patient. In the patients in whom the petrobasal vein was visualized on the ICAs, the superficial middle cerebral vein drained into a combination of the pterygoid plexus via the emissary veins of the foramen ovale and the superior petrosal sinus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The petrobasal vein, an unknown vein directly connecting the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale and draining into the pterygoid plexus, can occasionally be identified on cerebral angiography as a variant drainage route from the cerebellum and brainstem veins and/or from the superficial middle cerebral vein. The petrobasal vein is thought to be a remnant of the primitive tentorial sinus.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Petrobasal Vein: A Previously Unrecognized Vein Directly Connecting the Superior Petrosal Sinus with the Emissary Vein of the Foramen Ovale" />
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/43/1.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The superior petrosal sinus terminates anteriorly at the cavernous sinus and posteriorly at the transverse sinus. Venous variations directly connecting the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale are not well-recognized. We present a connecting vein, provisionally named the petrobasal vein.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biplane cerebral angiography of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and the vertebral artery acquired in 267 patients was retrospectively reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists with special interest in the existence and course of the petrobasal vein.

RESULTS: The petrobasal vein was observed to lie anterior-posteriorly on the superior surface of the petrosal bone and connected to the midportion of the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale in 41 patients (15%) and sides (7.9%); it drained into the pterygoid plexus. The petrobasal vein was observed on VAG in 21 patients, on ICAG alone in 8 patients (9 sides), on both VAG and ICAG in 12 patients, and on ICAG in 1 patient. In the patients in whom the petrobasal vein was visualized on the ICAs, the superficial middle cerebral vein drained into a combination of the pterygoid plexus via the emissary veins of the foramen ovale and the superior petrosal sinus.

CONCLUSIONS: The petrobasal vein, an unknown vein directly connecting the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale and draining into the pterygoid plexus, can occasionally be identified on cerebral angiography as a variant drainage route from the cerebellum and brainstem veins and/or from the superficial middle cerebral vein. The petrobasal vein is thought to be a remnant of the primitive tentorial sinus.

dAVF
:   dural AVF
EVFO
:   emissary vein of the foramen ovale
ICAG
:   internal carotid angiography
PBV
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PTS
:   primitive tentorial sinus
SMCV
:   superior middle cerebral vein
SPS
:   superior petrosal sinus
VA
:   vertebral artery
VAG
:   vertebral angiography" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Petrobasal Vein: A Previously Unrecognized Vein Directly Connecting the Superior Petrosal Sinus with the Emissary Vein of the Foramen Ovale" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The superior petrosal sinus terminates anteriorly at the cavernous sinus and posteriorly at the transverse sinus. Venous variations directly connecting the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale are not well-recognized. We present a connecting vein, provisionally named the petrobasal vein.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biplane cerebral angiography of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and the vertebral artery acquired in 267 patients was retrospectively reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists with special interest in the existence and course of the petrobasal vein.

RESULTS: The petrobasal vein was observed to lie anterior-posteriorly on the superior surface of the petrosal bone and connected to the midportion of the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale in 41 patients (15%) and sides (7.9%); it drained into the pterygoid plexus. The petrobasal vein was observed on VAG in 21 patients, on ICAG alone in 8 patients (9 sides), on both VAG and ICAG in 12 patients, and on ICAG in 1 patient. In the patients in whom the petrobasal vein was visualized on the ICAs, the superficial middle cerebral vein drained into a combination of the pterygoid plexus via the emissary veins of the foramen ovale and the superior petrosal sinus.

CONCLUSIONS: The petrobasal vein, an unknown vein directly connecting the superior petrosal sinus and the emissary veins of the foramen ovale and draining into the pterygoid plexus, can occasionally be identified on cerebral angiography as a variant drainage route from the cerebellum and brainstem veins and/or from the superficial middle cerebral vein. The petrobasal vein is thought to be a remnant of the primitive tentorial sinus.

dAVF
:   dural AVF
EVFO
:   emissary vein of the foramen ovale
ICAG
:   internal carotid angiography
PBV
:   petrobasal vein
PTS
:   primitive tentorial sinus
SMCV
:   superior middle cerebral vein
SPS
:   superior petrosal sinus
VA
:   vertebral artery
VAG
:   vertebral angiography" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Petrobasal Vein: A Previously Unrecognized Vein Directly Connecting the Superior Petrosal Sinus with the Emissary Vein of the Foramen Ovale</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S. Ide</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">H. Kiyosue</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">R. Shimada</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">S. Tanoue</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">K. Tokuyama</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Y. Asayama</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2022,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">43 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">70-77; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7345 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-94820--81276028746" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Ide </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.I., H.K., R.S., S.T., K.T., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BIde%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ide%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BIde%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-5019" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Ide</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Kiyosue </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.I., H.K., R.S., S.T., K.T., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BKiyosue%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kiyosue%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BKiyosue%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-8316" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for H. Kiyosue</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Shimada </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.I., H.K., R.S., S.T., K.T., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BShimada%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shimada%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BShimada%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-4973" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Shimada</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Tanoue </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.I., H.K., R.S., S.T., K.T., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (S.T.), Faculty of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BTanoue%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tanoue%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BTanoue%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-8108" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Tanoue</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Tokuyama </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.I., H.K., R.S., S.T., K.T., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BTokuyama%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tokuyama%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BTokuyama%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-4067" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K. Tokuyama</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Asayama </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.I., H.K., R.S., S.T., K.T., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BAsayama%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Asayama%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BAsayama%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-4821" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Asayama</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ide</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kiyosue</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shimada</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tanoue</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tokuyama</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Asayama</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2022, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">43 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">70-77; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7345 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Petrobasal Vein: A Previously Unrecognized Vein Directly Connecting the Superior Petrosal Sinus with the Emissary Vein of the Foramen Ovale</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ide</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kiyosue</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shimada</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tanoue</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tokuyama</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Asayama</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2022, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">43 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">70-77; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7345 </span></div>
  
  
  
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