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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Beyond Diffusion Tensor MRI Methods for Improved Characterization of the Brain after Ischemic Stroke: A Review" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="SUMMARY: Ischemic stroke is a worldwide problem, with 15 million people experiencing a stroke annually. MR imaging is a valuable tool for understanding and assessing brain changes after stroke and predicting recovery. Of particular interest is the use of diffusion MR imaging in the nonacute stage 1–30 days poststroke. Thousands of articles have been published on the use of diffusion MR imaging in stroke, including several recent articles reviewing the use of DTI for stroke. The goal of this work was to survey and put into context the recent use of diffusion MR imaging methods beyond DTI, including diffusional kurtosis, generalized fractional anisotropy, spherical harmonics methods, and neurite orientation and dispersion models, in patients poststroke. Early studies report that these types of beyond-DTI methods outperform DTI metrics either in being more sensitive to poststroke changes or by better predicting outcome motor scores. More and larger studies are needed to confirm the improved prediction of stroke recovery with the beyond-DTI methods.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
AK
:   axial kurtosis
DKI
:   diffusional kurtosis imaging
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FM
:   Fugl-Meyer
GFA
:   generalized fractional anisotropy
MD
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MK
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NODDI
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RD
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SHORE
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vic
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WMTI
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.V.R. DiBella" />
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V. Prabhakaran" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.J. Majersik" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.K. HashemizadehKolowri" />
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&lt;p&gt;Ischemic stroke is a worldwide problem, with 15 million people experiencing a stroke annually. MR imaging is a valuable tool for understanding and assessing brain changes after stroke and predicting recovery. Of particular interest is the use of diffusion MR imaging in the nonacute stage 1–30 days poststroke. Thousands of articles have been published on the use of diffusion MR imaging in stroke, including several recent articles reviewing the use of DTI for stroke. The goal of this work was to survey and put into context the recent use of diffusion MR imaging methods beyond DTI, including diffusional kurtosis, generalized fractional anisotropy, spherical harmonics methods, and neurite orientation and dispersion models, in patients poststroke. Early studies report that these types of beyond-DTI methods outperform DTI metrics either in being more sensitive to poststroke changes or by better predicting outcome motor scores. More and larger studies are needed to confirm the improved prediction of stroke recovery with the beyond-DTI methods.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Beyond Diffusion Tensor MRI Methods for Improved Characterization of the Brain after Ischemic Stroke: A Review" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="SUMMARY: Ischemic stroke is a worldwide problem, with 15 million people experiencing a stroke annually. MR imaging is a valuable tool for understanding and assessing brain changes after stroke and predicting recovery. Of particular interest is the use of diffusion MR imaging in the nonacute stage 1–30 days poststroke. Thousands of articles have been published on the use of diffusion MR imaging in stroke, including several recent articles reviewing the use of DTI for stroke. The goal of this work was to survey and put into context the recent use of diffusion MR imaging methods beyond DTI, including diffusional kurtosis, generalized fractional anisotropy, spherical harmonics methods, and neurite orientation and dispersion models, in patients poststroke. Early studies report that these types of beyond-DTI methods outperform DTI metrics either in being more sensitive to poststroke changes or by better predicting outcome motor scores. More and larger studies are needed to confirm the improved prediction of stroke recovery with the beyond-DTI methods.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
AK
:   axial kurtosis
DKI
:   diffusional kurtosis imaging
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FM
:   Fugl-Meyer
GFA
:   generalized fractional anisotropy
MD
:   mean diffusivity
MK
:   mean kurtosis
NODDI
:   neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging; PLIC = posterior limb of the internal capsule
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SHORE
:   simple harmonic oscillator-based reconstruction and estimation
vic
:   neurite density
WMTI
:   white matter tract integrity" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Beyond Diffusion Tensor MRI Methods for Improved Characterization of the Brain after Ischemic Stroke: A Review" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/43/5/661" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="SUMMARY: Ischemic stroke is a worldwide problem, with 15 million people experiencing a stroke annually. MR imaging is a valuable tool for understanding and assessing brain changes after stroke and predicting recovery. Of particular interest is the use of diffusion MR imaging in the nonacute stage 1–30 days poststroke. Thousands of articles have been published on the use of diffusion MR imaging in stroke, including several recent articles reviewing the use of DTI for stroke. The goal of this work was to survey and put into context the recent use of diffusion MR imaging methods beyond DTI, including diffusional kurtosis, generalized fractional anisotropy, spherical harmonics methods, and neurite orientation and dispersion models, in patients poststroke. Early studies report that these types of beyond-DTI methods outperform DTI metrics either in being more sensitive to poststroke changes or by better predicting outcome motor scores. More and larger studies are needed to confirm the improved prediction of stroke recovery with the beyond-DTI methods.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
AK
:   axial kurtosis
DKI
:   diffusional kurtosis imaging
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FM
:   Fugl-Meyer
GFA
:   generalized fractional anisotropy
MD
:   mean diffusivity
MK
:   mean kurtosis
NODDI
:   neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging; PLIC = posterior limb of the internal capsule
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SHORE
:   simple harmonic oscillator-based reconstruction and estimation
vic
:   neurite density
WMTI
:   white matter tract integrity" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Review Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Adult Brain</span></span></div>
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">E.V.R. DiBella</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A. Sharma</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">L. Richards</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">V. Prabhakaran</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J.J. Majersik</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">S.K. HashemizadehKolowri</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2022,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">43 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">661-669; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7414 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-96954--61404565248" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E.V.R. DiBella </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.V.R.D., A.S., S.K.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.V.R.%2BDiBella%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=DiBella%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.V.R.%2BDiBella%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-3731" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E.V.R. DiBella</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Sharma </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.V.R.D., A.S., S.K.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BSharma%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sharma%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BSharma%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-6282" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Sharma</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Richards </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Occupational and Recreational Therapies (L.R.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BRichards%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Richards%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BRichards%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9500-1350" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Richards</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V. Prabhakaran </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology (V.P.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.%2BPrabhakaran%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Prabhakaran%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.%2BPrabhakaran%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-3125" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V. Prabhakaran</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.J. Majersik </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.J.%2BMajersik%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Majersik%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.J.%2BMajersik%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-262X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.J. Majersik</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.K. HashemizadehKolowri </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.V.R.D., A.S., S.K.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.K.%2BHashemizadehKolowri%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=HashemizadehKolowri%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.K.%2BHashemizadehKolowri%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-1427" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.K. HashemizadehKolowri</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.V.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">DiBella</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sharma</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Richards</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prabhakaran</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Majersik</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">HashemizadehKolowri</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2022, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">43 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">661-669; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7414 </span></div>
  
  
  
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