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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI Parameters and Normalized ADC Values Could Aid Differentiation of Skull Base Osteomyelitis from Nasopharyngeal Cancer" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7740" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2023-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2023 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The skull base osteomyelitis sometimes can be difficult to distinguish from nasopharyngeal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the differences between skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and normalized ADC values.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 8 and 12 patients with skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer, respectively, who underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and DWI before primary treatment. Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and ADC values of the ROIs were analyzed. Normalized ADC parameters were calculated by dividing the ROIs of the lesion by that of the spinal cord.

RESULTS: The rate transfer constant between extravascular extracellular space and blood plasma per minute (Kep) was significantly lower in patients with skull base osteomyelitis than in those with nasopharyngeal cancer (median, 0.43 versus 0.57; P = .04). The optimal cutoff value of Kep was 0.48 (area under the curve, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.55–1). The normalized mean ADC was significantly higher in patients with skull base osteomyelitis than in those with nasopharyngeal cancer (median, 1.90 versus 0.87; P  &lt; .001). The cutoff value of normalized mean ADC was 1.55 (area under the curve, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87–1). The area under the curve of the combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters (Kep and extravascular extracellular space volume per unit tissue volume) was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73–1), and the area under the curve of the combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized mean ADC value was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93–1).

CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized ADC values may be useful in differentiating skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer. The combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized ADC values outperformed each measure in isolation.

AUC
:   area under the curve
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
EES
:   extravascular extracellular space
K trans
:   volume transfer constant between extravascular extracellular space and blood plasma per minute
Kep
:   rate transfer constant between EES and blood plasma per minute
nADCmean
:   normalized mean ADC
NPC
:   nasopharyngeal cancer
Ve
:   EES volume per unit tissue volume
Vp
:   plasma volume
SBO
:   skull base osteomyelitis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Baba" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Kurokawa" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Kurokawa" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Ota" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Srinivasan" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2023-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Head &amp;amp; Neck" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI Parameters and Normalized ADC Values Could Aid Differentiation of Skull Base Osteomyelitis from Nasopharyngeal Cancer" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The skull base osteomyelitis sometimes can be difficult to distinguish from nasopharyngeal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the differences between skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and normalized ADC values.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This study included 8 and 12 patients with skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer, respectively, who underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and DWI before primary treatment. Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and ADC values of the ROIs were analyzed. Normalized ADC parameters were calculated by dividing the ROIs of the lesion by that of the spinal cord.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The rate transfer constant between extravascular extracellular space and blood plasma per minute (Kep) was significantly lower in patients with skull base osteomyelitis than in those with nasopharyngeal cancer (median, 0.43 versus 0.57; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .04). The optimal cutoff value of Kep was 0.48 (area under the curve, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.55–1). The normalized mean ADC was significantly higher in patients with skull base osteomyelitis than in those with nasopharyngeal cancer (median, 1.90 versus 0.87; &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .001). The cutoff value of normalized mean ADC was 1.55 (area under the curve, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87–1). The area under the curve of the combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters (Kep and extravascular extracellular space volume per unit tissue volume) was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73–1), and the area under the curve of the combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized mean ADC value was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93–1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized ADC values may be useful in differentiating skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer. The combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized ADC values outperformed each measure in isolation.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/01/01" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;44/1/74" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7740" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="74" />
<meta name="citation_lastpage" content="78" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="A. Baba" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Division of Neuroradiology (A.B., R.K., M.K., Y.O., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bDepartment of Radiology (A.B.), The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-5307" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="R. Kurokawa" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Division of Neuroradiology (A.B., R.K., M.K., Y.O., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="M. Kurokawa" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Division of Neuroradiology (A.B., R.K., M.K., Y.O., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI Parameters and Normalized ADC Values Could Aid Differentiation of Skull Base Osteomyelitis from Nasopharyngeal Cancer" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The skull base osteomyelitis sometimes can be difficult to distinguish from nasopharyngeal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the differences between skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and normalized ADC values.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 8 and 12 patients with skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer, respectively, who underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and DWI before primary treatment. Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and ADC values of the ROIs were analyzed. Normalized ADC parameters were calculated by dividing the ROIs of the lesion by that of the spinal cord.

RESULTS: The rate transfer constant between extravascular extracellular space and blood plasma per minute (Kep) was significantly lower in patients with skull base osteomyelitis than in those with nasopharyngeal cancer (median, 0.43 versus 0.57; P = .04). The optimal cutoff value of Kep was 0.48 (area under the curve, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.55–1). The normalized mean ADC was significantly higher in patients with skull base osteomyelitis than in those with nasopharyngeal cancer (median, 1.90 versus 0.87; P  &lt; .001). The cutoff value of normalized mean ADC was 1.55 (area under the curve, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87–1). The area under the curve of the combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters (Kep and extravascular extracellular space volume per unit tissue volume) was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73–1), and the area under the curve of the combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized mean ADC value was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93–1).

CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized ADC values may be useful in differentiating skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer. The combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized ADC values outperformed each measure in isolation.

AUC
:   area under the curve
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
EES
:   extravascular extracellular space
K trans
:   volume transfer constant between extravascular extracellular space and blood plasma per minute
Kep
:   rate transfer constant between EES and blood plasma per minute
nADCmean
:   normalized mean ADC
NPC
:   nasopharyngeal cancer
Ve
:   EES volume per unit tissue volume
Vp
:   plasma volume
SBO
:   skull base osteomyelitis" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI Parameters and Normalized ADC Values Could Aid Differentiation of Skull Base Osteomyelitis from Nasopharyngeal Cancer" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/44/1/74" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The skull base osteomyelitis sometimes can be difficult to distinguish from nasopharyngeal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the differences between skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and normalized ADC values.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 8 and 12 patients with skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer, respectively, who underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and DWI before primary treatment. Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and ADC values of the ROIs were analyzed. Normalized ADC parameters were calculated by dividing the ROIs of the lesion by that of the spinal cord.

RESULTS: The rate transfer constant between extravascular extracellular space and blood plasma per minute (Kep) was significantly lower in patients with skull base osteomyelitis than in those with nasopharyngeal cancer (median, 0.43 versus 0.57; P = .04). The optimal cutoff value of Kep was 0.48 (area under the curve, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.55–1). The normalized mean ADC was significantly higher in patients with skull base osteomyelitis than in those with nasopharyngeal cancer (median, 1.90 versus 0.87; P  &lt; .001). The cutoff value of normalized mean ADC was 1.55 (area under the curve, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87–1). The area under the curve of the combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters (Kep and extravascular extracellular space volume per unit tissue volume) was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73–1), and the area under the curve of the combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized mean ADC value was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93–1).

CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized ADC values may be useful in differentiating skull base osteomyelitis and nasopharyngeal cancer. The combination of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging parameters and normalized ADC values outperformed each measure in isolation.

AUC
:   area under the curve
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
EES
:   extravascular extracellular space
K trans
:   volume transfer constant between extravascular extracellular space and blood plasma per minute
Kep
:   rate transfer constant between EES and blood plasma per minute
nADCmean
:   normalized mean ADC
NPC
:   nasopharyngeal cancer
Ve
:   EES volume per unit tissue volume
Vp
:   plasma volume
SBO
:   skull base osteomyelitis" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node100588" data-node-nid="100588" id="top-node-100588--2346854112" data-pisa="ajnr;44/1/74" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7740" data-apath="/ajnr/44/1/74.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Head &amp; Neck</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI Parameters and Normalized ADC Values Could Aid Differentiation of Skull Base Osteomyelitis from Nasopharyngeal Cancer</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">A. Baba</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">R. Kurokawa</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M. Kurokawa</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Y. Ota</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">A. Srinivasan</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2023,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">74-78; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7740 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-100588--2346854112" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Baba </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology (A.B., R.K., M.K., Y.O., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (A.B.), The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BBaba%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Baba%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BBaba%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-5307" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Baba</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Kurokawa </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology (A.B., R.K., M.K., Y.O., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BKurokawa%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kurokawa%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BKurokawa%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-8900" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Kurokawa</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Kurokawa </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology (A.B., R.K., M.K., Y.O., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BKurokawa%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kurokawa%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BKurokawa%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-9188" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. 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Ota </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology (A.B., R.K., M.K., Y.O., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BOta%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ota%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BOta%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-2156" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. 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Srinivasan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology (A.B., R.K., M.K., Y.O., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BSrinivasan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Srinivasan%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BSrinivasan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-1959" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. 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