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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Specificity of Quantitative Functional Brain Mapping with Arterial Spin-Labeling for Preoperative Assessment" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A8006" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2023-11-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial spin-labeling is a noninvasive MR imaging technique allowing direct and quantitative measurement of brain perfusion. Arterial spin-labeling is well-established in clinics for investigating the overall cerebral perfusion, but it is still occasionally employed during tasks. The typical contrast for functional MR imaging is blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) imaging, whose specificity could be biased in neurologic patients due to altered neurovascular coupling. This work aimed to validate the use of functional ASL as a noninvasive tool for presurgical functional brain mapping. This is achieved by comparing the spatial accuracy of functional ASL with transcranial magnetic stimulation as the criterion standard.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy participants executed a motor task and received a somatosensory stimulation, while BOLD imaging and arterial spin-labeling were acquired simultaneously. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was subsequently used to define hand somatotopy.

RESULTS: Functional ASL was found more adjacent to transcranial magnetic stimulation than BOLD imaging, with a significant shift along the inferior-to-superior direction. With respect to BOLD imaging, functional ASL was localized significantly more laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly during motor tasks and pneumatic stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the specificity of functional ASL in targeting the regional neuronal excitability. Functional ASL could be considered as a valid supplementary technique to BOLD imaging for presurgical mapping when spatial accuracy is crucial for delineating eloquent cortex.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
CMRO2
:   cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
CoG
:   center of gravity
ESI
:   electrical source imaging
f ASL
:   functional ASL
MAX
:   global maximum of activation
TMS
:   transcranial magnetic stimulation" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Giannina R. Iannotti" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Isaure Nadin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Vladimira Ivanova" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Quentin Tourdot" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Agustina M. Lascano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Shahan Momjian" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Karl L. Schaller" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Karl O. Lovblad" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Frederic Grouiller" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2023-11-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Neuroimaging Physics/Functional Neuroimaging/CT and MRI Technology" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Specificity of Quantitative Functional Brain Mapping with Arterial Spin-Labeling for Preoperative Assessment" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Arterial spin-labeling is a noninvasive MR imaging technique allowing direct and quantitative measurement of brain perfusion. Arterial spin-labeling is well-established in clinics for investigating the overall cerebral perfusion, but it is still occasionally employed during tasks. The typical contrast for functional MR imaging is blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) imaging, whose specificity could be biased in neurologic patients due to altered neurovascular coupling. This work aimed to validate the use of functional ASL as a noninvasive tool for presurgical functional brain mapping. This is achieved by comparing the spatial accuracy of functional ASL with transcranial magnetic stimulation as the criterion standard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twenty-eight healthy participants executed a motor task and received a somatosensory stimulation, while BOLD imaging and arterial spin-labeling were acquired simultaneously. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was subsequently used to define hand somatotopy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Functional ASL was found more adjacent to transcranial magnetic stimulation than BOLD imaging, with a significant shift along the inferior-to-superior direction. With respect to BOLD imaging, functional ASL was localized significantly more laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly during motor tasks and pneumatic stimulation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our results confirm the specificity of functional ASL in targeting the regional neuronal excitability. Functional ASL could be considered as a valid supplementary technique to BOLD imaging for presurgical mapping when spatial accuracy is crucial for delineating eloquent cortex.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Specificity of Quantitative Functional Brain Mapping with Arterial Spin-Labeling for Preoperative Assessment" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/44/11.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial spin-labeling is a noninvasive MR imaging technique allowing direct and quantitative measurement of brain perfusion. Arterial spin-labeling is well-established in clinics for investigating the overall cerebral perfusion, but it is still occasionally employed during tasks. The typical contrast for functional MR imaging is blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) imaging, whose specificity could be biased in neurologic patients due to altered neurovascular coupling. This work aimed to validate the use of functional ASL as a noninvasive tool for presurgical functional brain mapping. This is achieved by comparing the spatial accuracy of functional ASL with transcranial magnetic stimulation as the criterion standard.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy participants executed a motor task and received a somatosensory stimulation, while BOLD imaging and arterial spin-labeling were acquired simultaneously. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was subsequently used to define hand somatotopy.

RESULTS: Functional ASL was found more adjacent to transcranial magnetic stimulation than BOLD imaging, with a significant shift along the inferior-to-superior direction. With respect to BOLD imaging, functional ASL was localized significantly more laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly during motor tasks and pneumatic stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the specificity of functional ASL in targeting the regional neuronal excitability. Functional ASL could be considered as a valid supplementary technique to BOLD imaging for presurgical mapping when spatial accuracy is crucial for delineating eloquent cortex.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
CMRO2
:   cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
CoG
:   center of gravity
ESI
:   electrical source imaging
f ASL
:   functional ASL
MAX
:   global maximum of activation
TMS
:   transcranial magnetic stimulation" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Specificity of Quantitative Functional Brain Mapping with Arterial Spin-Labeling for Preoperative Assessment" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/44/11/1302" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial spin-labeling is a noninvasive MR imaging technique allowing direct and quantitative measurement of brain perfusion. Arterial spin-labeling is well-established in clinics for investigating the overall cerebral perfusion, but it is still occasionally employed during tasks. The typical contrast for functional MR imaging is blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) imaging, whose specificity could be biased in neurologic patients due to altered neurovascular coupling. This work aimed to validate the use of functional ASL as a noninvasive tool for presurgical functional brain mapping. This is achieved by comparing the spatial accuracy of functional ASL with transcranial magnetic stimulation as the criterion standard.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy participants executed a motor task and received a somatosensory stimulation, while BOLD imaging and arterial spin-labeling were acquired simultaneously. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was subsequently used to define hand somatotopy.

RESULTS: Functional ASL was found more adjacent to transcranial magnetic stimulation than BOLD imaging, with a significant shift along the inferior-to-superior direction. With respect to BOLD imaging, functional ASL was localized significantly more laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly during motor tasks and pneumatic stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the specificity of functional ASL in targeting the regional neuronal excitability. Functional ASL could be considered as a valid supplementary technique to BOLD imaging for presurgical mapping when spatial accuracy is crucial for delineating eloquent cortex.

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
CMRO2
:   cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
CoG
:   center of gravity
ESI
:   electrical source imaging
f ASL
:   functional ASL
MAX
:   global maximum of activation
TMS
:   transcranial magnetic stimulation" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node104643--7" data-node-nid="104643" id="top-node-104643--81593307079" data-pisa="ajnr;44/11/1302" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8006" data-apath="/ajnr/44/11/1302.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Neuroimaging Physics/Functional Neuroimaging/CT and MRI Technology</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Specificity of Quantitative Functional Brain Mapping with Arterial Spin-Labeling for Preoperative Assessment</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Giannina R. Iannotti</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Isaure Nadin</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Vladimira Ivanova</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Quentin Tourdot</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Agustina M. Lascano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Shahan Momjian</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Karl L. Schaller</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Karl O. Lovblad</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">Frederic Grouiller</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2023,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1302-1308; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8006 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-104643--81593307079" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Giannina R. Iannotti </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology, Diagnostic Department (G.R.I., K.O.L.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Giannina%2BR.%2BIannotti%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Iannotti%20GR&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AGiannina%2BR.%2BIannotti%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-257X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Giannina R. Iannotti</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Isaure Nadin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Isaure%2BNadin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Nadin%20I&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AIsaure%2BNadin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Vladimira Ivanova </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Vladimira%2BIvanova%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ivanova%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AVladimira%2BIvanova%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Quentin Tourdot </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Faculty of Pharmacy (Q.T.), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Quentin%2BTourdot%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tourdot%20Q&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AQuentin%2BTourdot%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3607-5541" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Quentin Tourdot</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Agustina M. Lascano </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Division of Neurology (A.M.L.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Agustina%2BM.%2BLascano%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lascano%20AM&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAgustina%2BM.%2BLascano%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Shahan Momjian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Shahan%2BMomjian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Momjian%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AShahan%2BMomjian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-0159" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Shahan Momjian</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Karl L. Schaller </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Karl%2BL.%2BSchaller%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Schaller%20KL&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AKarl%2BL.%2BSchaller%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Karl O. Lovblad </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neuroradiology, Diagnostic Department (G.R.I., K.O.L.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Karl%2BO.%2BLovblad%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lovblad%20KO&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AKarl%2BO.%2BLovblad%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-9779" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Karl O. Lovblad</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Frederic Grouiller </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences (F.G.), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Center for Biomedical Imaging (F.G.), MRI University of Geneva Cognitive and Affective Neuroimaging Section, Geneva, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition (F.G.), Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Frederic%2BGrouiller%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Grouiller%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AFrederic%2BGrouiller%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-5831" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Frederic Grouiller</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">vol. 44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">no. 11 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-page-string highwire-cite-metadata">1302-1308 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="contributors"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">Giannina R. Iannotti</span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">Isaure Nadin</span><a id="xref-aff-2-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">Vladimira Ivanova</span><a id="xref-aff-2-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">Quentin Tourdot</span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">Agustina M. Lascano</span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">d</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-6"><span class="name">Shahan Momjian</span><a id="xref-aff-2-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-7"><span class="name">Karl L. Schaller</span><a id="xref-aff-2-5" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-8"><span class="name">Karl O. Lovblad</span><a id="xref-aff-1-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-9"><span class="name">Frederic Grouiller</span><a id="xref-aff-5-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-7-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-7">g</a></li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>a</sup>From the Division of Neuroradiology, Diagnostic Department (G.R.I., K.O.L.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>b</sup>Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>c</sup>Faculty of Pharmacy (Q.T.), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address><sup>d</sup>Division of Neurology (A.M.L.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-5" name="aff-5"></a><address><sup>e</sup>Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences (F.G.), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-6" name="aff-6"></a><address><sup>f</sup>Center for Biomedical Imaging (F.G.), MRI University of Geneva Cognitive and Affective Neuroimaging Section, Geneva, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-7" name="aff-7"></a><address><sup>g</sup>Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition (F.G.), Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland</address></li></ol><ol class="corresp-list"><li class="corresp" id="corresp-1">Please address correspondence to Frédéric Grouiller, PhD, <span class="addr-line">CIBM MRI HUG-UNIGE, Service de Radiologie, Boulevard de la Tour 8, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland</span>; e-mail: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr">Frederic.Grouiller{at}unige.ch</span></span>; <a href="https://mobile.twitter.com/GrouillerF">@GrouillerF</a></li></ol></div></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/44/11/1302.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Giannina R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Iannotti</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Isaure</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nadin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Vladimira</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ivanova</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Quentin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tourdot</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Agustina M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lascano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shahan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Momjian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Karl L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schaller</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Karl O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lovblad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Frederic</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Grouiller</span></span></span></div>
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Giannina R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Iannotti</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Isaure</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nadin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Vladimira</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ivanova</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Quentin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tourdot</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Agustina M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lascano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shahan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Momjian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Karl L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schaller</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Karl O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lovblad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Frederic</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Grouiller</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2023, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1302-1308; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8006 </span></div>
  
  
  
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