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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7805" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2023-03-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2023 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Medullary tegmental cap dysplasia is a rare brainstem malformation, first described and defined by James Barkovich in his book Pediatric Neuroimaging from 2005 as an anomalous mass protruding from the posterior medullary surface. We describe the neuroimaging, clinical, postmortem, and genetic findings defining this unique malformation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a multicenter, international, retrospective study. We assessed the patients’ medical records, prenatal ultrasounds, MR images, genetic findings, and postmortem results. We reviewed the medical literature for all studies depicting medullary malformations and evaluated cases in which a dorsal medullary protuberance was described.

RESULTS: We collected 13 patients: 3 fetuses and 10 children. The medullary caps had multiple characteristics. Associated brain findings were a rotated position of the medulla, a small and flat pons, cerebellar anomalies, a molar tooth sign, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Systemic findings included the following: polydactyly, hallux valgus, large ears, and coarse facies. Postmortem analysis in 3 patients revealed that the cap contained either neurons or white matter tracts. We found 8 publications describing a dorsal medullary protuberance in 27 patients. The syndromic diagnosis was Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome in 11 and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in 14 patients.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to describe a series of 13 patients with medullary tegmental cap dysplasia. The cap has different shapes: distinct in Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive. Due to the variations in the clinical, imaging, and postmortem findings, we conclude that there are multiple etiologies and pathophysiology. We suggest that in some patients, the pathophysiology might be abnormal axonal guidance.

AMCD
:   anterior mesencephalic cap dysplasia
BPAN
:   β propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration
CC
:   corpus callosum
FOP
:   fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive
INAD
:   infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy
JBTS
:   Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome
MTCD
:   medullary tegmental cap dysplasia
PTCD
:   pontine tegmental cap dysplasia
TOP
:   termination of pregnancy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Gafner" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Garel" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Leibovitz" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Valence" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Krajden Haratz" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Oegema" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G.M.S. Mancini" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Heron" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Bueltmann" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Burglen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Rodriguez" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.A.G.M. Huisman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.H. Lequin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Arad" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Kidron" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Muqary" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Gindes" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Lev" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Boltshauser" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Lerman-Sagie" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2023-03-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Medullary tegmental cap dysplasia is a rare brainstem malformation, first described and defined by James Barkovich in his book &lt;i&gt;Pediatric Neuroimaging&lt;/i&gt; from 2005 as an anomalous mass protruding from the posterior medullary surface. We describe the neuroimaging, clinical, postmortem, and genetic findings defining this unique malformation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a multicenter, international, retrospective study. We assessed the patients’ medical records, prenatal ultrasounds, MR images, genetic findings, and postmortem results. We reviewed the medical literature for all studies depicting medullary malformations and evaluated cases in which a dorsal medullary protuberance was described.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We collected 13 patients: 3 fetuses and 10 children. The medullary caps had multiple characteristics. Associated brain findings were a rotated position of the medulla, a small and flat pons, cerebellar anomalies, a molar tooth sign, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Systemic findings included the following: polydactyly, hallux valgus, large ears, and coarse facies. Postmortem analysis in 3 patients revealed that the cap contained either neurons or white matter tracts. We found 8 publications describing a dorsal medullary protuberance in 27 patients. The syndromic diagnosis was Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome in 11 and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in 14 patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is the first study to describe a series of 13 patients with medullary tegmental cap dysplasia. The cap has different shapes: distinct in Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive. Due to the variations in the clinical, imaging, and postmortem findings, we conclude that there are multiple etiologies and pathophysiology. We suggest that in some patients, the pathophysiology might be abnormal axonal guidance.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Medullary tegmental cap dysplasia is a rare brainstem malformation, first described and defined by James Barkovich in his book Pediatric Neuroimaging from 2005 as an anomalous mass protruding from the posterior medullary surface. We describe the neuroimaging, clinical, postmortem, and genetic findings defining this unique malformation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a multicenter, international, retrospective study. We assessed the patients’ medical records, prenatal ultrasounds, MR images, genetic findings, and postmortem results. We reviewed the medical literature for all studies depicting medullary malformations and evaluated cases in which a dorsal medullary protuberance was described.

RESULTS: We collected 13 patients: 3 fetuses and 10 children. The medullary caps had multiple characteristics. Associated brain findings were a rotated position of the medulla, a small and flat pons, cerebellar anomalies, a molar tooth sign, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Systemic findings included the following: polydactyly, hallux valgus, large ears, and coarse facies. Postmortem analysis in 3 patients revealed that the cap contained either neurons or white matter tracts. We found 8 publications describing a dorsal medullary protuberance in 27 patients. The syndromic diagnosis was Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome in 11 and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in 14 patients.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to describe a series of 13 patients with medullary tegmental cap dysplasia. The cap has different shapes: distinct in Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive. Due to the variations in the clinical, imaging, and postmortem findings, we conclude that there are multiple etiologies and pathophysiology. We suggest that in some patients, the pathophysiology might be abnormal axonal guidance.

AMCD
:   anterior mesencephalic cap dysplasia
BPAN
:   β propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration
CC
:   corpus callosum
FOP
:   fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive
INAD
:   infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy
JBTS
:   Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome
MTCD
:   medullary tegmental cap dysplasia
PTCD
:   pontine tegmental cap dysplasia
TOP
:   termination of pregnancy" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/44/3/334" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Medullary tegmental cap dysplasia is a rare brainstem malformation, first described and defined by James Barkovich in his book Pediatric Neuroimaging from 2005 as an anomalous mass protruding from the posterior medullary surface. We describe the neuroimaging, clinical, postmortem, and genetic findings defining this unique malformation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a multicenter, international, retrospective study. We assessed the patients’ medical records, prenatal ultrasounds, MR images, genetic findings, and postmortem results. We reviewed the medical literature for all studies depicting medullary malformations and evaluated cases in which a dorsal medullary protuberance was described.

RESULTS: We collected 13 patients: 3 fetuses and 10 children. The medullary caps had multiple characteristics. Associated brain findings were a rotated position of the medulla, a small and flat pons, cerebellar anomalies, a molar tooth sign, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Systemic findings included the following: polydactyly, hallux valgus, large ears, and coarse facies. Postmortem analysis in 3 patients revealed that the cap contained either neurons or white matter tracts. We found 8 publications describing a dorsal medullary protuberance in 27 patients. The syndromic diagnosis was Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome in 11 and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in 14 patients.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to describe a series of 13 patients with medullary tegmental cap dysplasia. The cap has different shapes: distinct in Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive. Due to the variations in the clinical, imaging, and postmortem findings, we conclude that there are multiple etiologies and pathophysiology. We suggest that in some patients, the pathophysiology might be abnormal axonal guidance.

AMCD
:   anterior mesencephalic cap dysplasia
BPAN
:   β propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration
CC
:   corpus callosum
FOP
:   fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive
INAD
:   infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy
JBTS
:   Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome
MTCD
:   medullary tegmental cap dysplasia
PTCD
:   pontine tegmental cap dysplasia
TOP
:   termination of pregnancy" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M. Gafner</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">C. Garel</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Z. Leibovitz</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">S. Valence</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">K. Krajden Haratz</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">R. Oegema</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">G.M.S. Mancini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">D. Heron</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">E. Bueltmann</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">L. Burglen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">D. Rodriguez</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">T.A.G.M. Huisman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">M.H. Lequin</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">A. Arad</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">D. Kidron</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">M. Muqary</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16">L. Gindes</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17">D. Lev</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18">E. Boltshauser</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19">T. Lerman-Sagie</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 2023,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">334-340; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7805 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-101436--6541298008" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Gafner </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Pediatrics B (M.G.), Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BGafner%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gafner%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BGafner%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-7334" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Gafner</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Garel </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (C.G.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BGarel%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Garel%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BGarel%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1752-484X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Garel</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Leibovitz </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Unit (Z.L.), Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BLeibovitz%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Leibovitz%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BLeibovitz%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Valence </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Service de Neuropédiatrie (S.V., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BValence%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Valence%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BValence%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-4537" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Valence</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Krajden Haratz </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Division of Ultrasound in ObGyn (K.K.H.), Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BKrajden%2BHaratz%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Krajden%20Haratz%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BKrajden%2BHaratz%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-3548" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K. Krajden Haratz</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Oegema </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>Departments of Genetics (R.O.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BOegema%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Oegema%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BOegema%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7146-617X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Oegema</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G.M.S. Mancini </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>j</span>Department of Clinical Genetics (G.M.S.M.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.M.S.%2BMancini%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mancini%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.M.S.%2BMancini%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-9979" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G.M.S. Mancini</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Heron </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>k</span>Service de Génétique Clinique (D.H.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BHeron%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Heron%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BHeron%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-7958" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Heron</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Bueltmann </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>l</span>Institute of Diagnostic und Interventional Neuroradiology (E. Bueltmann), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BBueltmann%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bueltmann%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BBueltmann%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-0612" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E. Bueltmann</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Burglen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Service de Neuropédiatrie (S.V., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BBurglen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Burglen%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BBurglen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-6809" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Burglen</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Rodriguez </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Service de Neuropédiatrie (S.V., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BRodriguez%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rodriguez%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BRodriguez%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-1985" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Rodriguez</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.A.G.M. Huisman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>m</span>Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology (T.A.G.M.H.), Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.A.G.M.%2BHuisman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Huisman%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.A.G.M.%2BHuisman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2302-6724" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.A.G.M. Huisman</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.H. Lequin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>Radiology (M.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.H.%2BLequin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lequin%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.H.%2BLequin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7488-1734" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.H. Lequin</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Arad </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>n</span>Department of Pathology (A.A.), Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BArad%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Arad%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BArad%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-3447" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Arad</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Kidron </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>o</span>Department of Pathology (D.K.), Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BKidron%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kidron%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BKidron%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-15"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Muqary </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>p</span>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.M.), Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias, Galilee, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BMuqary%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Muqary%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BMuqary%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-16"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Gindes </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>q</span>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BGindes%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gindes%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BGindes%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-1922" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Gindes</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-17"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Lev </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>r</span>The Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics (D.L.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>s</span>Fetal Neurology Clinic (D.L., T.L.-S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BLev%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lev%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BLev%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6727" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Lev</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-18"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Boltshauser </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>v</span>Pediatric Neurology (Emeritus) (E. Boltshauser), Children’s University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BBoltshauser%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Boltshauser%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BBoltshauser%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-2905" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E. Boltshauser</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-19"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T. Lerman-Sagie </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>s</span>Fetal Neurology Clinic (D.L., T.L.-S.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>t</span>Magen Center for Rare Diseases (T.L.-S.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>u</span>Pediatric Neurology Unit (T.L.-S.), Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.%2BLerman-Sagie%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lerman-Sagie%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.%2BLerman-Sagie%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6641-6875" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-book" id="cit-44.3.334.1"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Barkovich</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">AJ</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-source">Pediatric Neuroimaging</span>. <span class="cit-edition">5th ed</span>. <span class="cit-publ-name">Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins</span>; <span class="cit-pub-date">2005</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">932</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">2.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-2-1" title="View reference 2. in text" id="ref-2">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-44.3.334.2" data-doi="10.3174/ajnr.A1305"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Jissendi-Tchofo</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">P</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Doherty</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">D</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">McGillivray</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">G</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia: MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging features of impaired axonal navigation</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2009</span>;<span class="cit-vol">30</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">113</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">19</span><span 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class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-3-1" title="View reference 3. in text" id="ref-3">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-44.3.334.3" data-doi="10.3174/ajnr.A5360"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Arrigoni</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">F</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Romaniello</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Peruzzo</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">D</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Anterior mesencephalic cap dysplasia: novel brain stem malformative features associated with Joubert syndrome</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2017</span>;<span class="cit-vol">38</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">2385</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">90</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3174/ajnr.A5360</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>28838911</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czoxMDoiMzgvMTIvMjM4NSI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjE5OiIvYWpuci80NC8zLzMzNC5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">4.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-4-1" title="View reference 4. in text" id="ref-4">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-44.3.334.4" data-doi="10.1159/000475989"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Blondiaux</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">E</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Valence</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">S</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Friszer</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">S</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Prenatal imaging findings of pontine tegmental cap dysplasia: report of four cases</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Fetal Diagn Ther</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2019</span>;<span class="cit-vol">45</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">197</span>–<span 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 44</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 3 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Mar 2023 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gafner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Garel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Leibovitz</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Valence</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Krajden Haratz</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Oegema</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.M.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mancini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heron</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bueltmann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Burglen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rodriguez</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.A.G.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Huisman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lequin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Arad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kidron</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Muqary</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gindes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lev</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boltshauser</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lerman-Sagie</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2023, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">334-340; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7805 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gafner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Garel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Leibovitz</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Valence</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Krajden Haratz</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Oegema</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.M.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mancini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heron</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bueltmann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Burglen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rodriguez</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.A.G.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Huisman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lequin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Arad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kidron</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Muqary</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gindes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lev</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boltshauser</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lerman-Sagie</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2023, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">334-340; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7805 </span></div>
  
  
  
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