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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Comprehensive Venous Outflow Predicts Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated by Thrombectomy" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7879" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2023-06-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2023 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cortical venous outflow has emerged as a robust measure of collateral blood flow in acute ischemic stroke. The addition of deep venous drainage to this assessment may provide valuable information to further guide the treatment of these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated by thrombectomy between January 2013 and January 2021. The internal cerebral veins were scored on a scale of 0–2. This metric was combined with existing cortical vein opacification scores to create a comprehensive venous outflow score from 0 to 8 and stratify patients as having favorable-versus-unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow. Outcome analyses were primarily conducted using the Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests.

RESULTS: Six hundred seventy-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. Three hundred fifteen were stratified as having favorable comprehensive venous outflow (mean age, 73 years; range, 62–81 years; 170 men), and 363, as having unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow (mean age, 77 years; range, 67–85 years; 154 men). There were significantly higher rates of functional independence (mRS 0–2; 194/296 versus 37/352, 66% versus 11%, P  &lt; .001) and excellent reperfusion (TICI 2c/3; 166/313 versus 142/358, 53% versus 40%, P  &lt; .001) in patients with favorable comprehensive venous outflow. There was a significant increase in the association of mRS with the comprehensive venous outflow score compared with the cortical vein opacification score (−0.74 versus −0.67, P = .006).

CONCLUSIONS: A favorable comprehensive venous profile is strongly associated with functional independence and excellent postthrombectomy reperfusion. Future studies should focus on patients with venous outflow status that is discrepant with the eventual outcome.

AIS
:   acute ischemic stroke
COVES
:   cortical vein opacification score
CVO
:   comprehensive venous outflow
CVO+
:   favorable comprehensive venous outflow
CVO–
:   unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow
ICV
:   internal cerebral vein; IQR = interquartile range
LVO
:   large-vessel occlusion
VO
:   venous outflow" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Adusumilli" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.D. Faizy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Christensen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Mlynash" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Loh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G.W. Albers" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.G. Lansberg" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Fiehler" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.J. Heit" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2023-06-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Interventional" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Comprehensive Venous Outflow Predicts Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated by Thrombectomy" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cortical venous outflow has emerged as a robust measure of collateral blood flow in acute ischemic stroke. The addition of deep venous drainage to this assessment may provide valuable information to further guide the treatment of these patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated by thrombectomy between January 2013 and January 2021. The internal cerebral veins were scored on a scale of 0–2. This metric was combined with existing cortical vein opacification scores to create a comprehensive venous outflow score from 0 to 8 and stratify patients as having favorable-versus-unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow. Outcome analyses were primarily conducted using the Mann-Whitney &lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt; and χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Six hundred seventy-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. Three hundred fifteen were stratified as having favorable comprehensive venous outflow (mean age, 73 years; range, 62–81 years; 170 men), and 363, as having unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow (mean age, 77 years; range, 67–85 years; 154 men). There were significantly higher rates of functional independence (mRS 0–2; 194/296 versus 37/352, 66% versus 11%, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .001) and excellent reperfusion (TICI 2c/3; 166/313 versus 142/358, 53% versus 40%, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .001) in patients with favorable comprehensive venous outflow. There was a significant increase in the association of mRS with the comprehensive venous outflow score compared with the cortical vein opacification score (−0.74 versus −0.67, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .006).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A favorable comprehensive venous profile is strongly associated with functional independence and excellent postthrombectomy reperfusion. Future studies should focus on patients with venous outflow status that is discrepant with the eventual outcome.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="G. Adusumilli" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Comprehensive Venous Outflow Predicts Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated by Thrombectomy" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cortical venous outflow has emerged as a robust measure of collateral blood flow in acute ischemic stroke. The addition of deep venous drainage to this assessment may provide valuable information to further guide the treatment of these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated by thrombectomy between January 2013 and January 2021. The internal cerebral veins were scored on a scale of 0–2. This metric was combined with existing cortical vein opacification scores to create a comprehensive venous outflow score from 0 to 8 and stratify patients as having favorable-versus-unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow. Outcome analyses were primarily conducted using the Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests.

RESULTS: Six hundred seventy-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. Three hundred fifteen were stratified as having favorable comprehensive venous outflow (mean age, 73 years; range, 62–81 years; 170 men), and 363, as having unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow (mean age, 77 years; range, 67–85 years; 154 men). There were significantly higher rates of functional independence (mRS 0–2; 194/296 versus 37/352, 66% versus 11%, P  &lt; .001) and excellent reperfusion (TICI 2c/3; 166/313 versus 142/358, 53% versus 40%, P  &lt; .001) in patients with favorable comprehensive venous outflow. There was a significant increase in the association of mRS with the comprehensive venous outflow score compared with the cortical vein opacification score (−0.74 versus −0.67, P = .006).

CONCLUSIONS: A favorable comprehensive venous profile is strongly associated with functional independence and excellent postthrombectomy reperfusion. Future studies should focus on patients with venous outflow status that is discrepant with the eventual outcome.

AIS
:   acute ischemic stroke
COVES
:   cortical vein opacification score
CVO
:   comprehensive venous outflow
CVO+
:   favorable comprehensive venous outflow
CVO–
:   unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow
ICV
:   internal cerebral vein; IQR = interquartile range
LVO
:   large-vessel occlusion
VO
:   venous outflow" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Comprehensive Venous Outflow Predicts Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated by Thrombectomy" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/44/6/675" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cortical venous outflow has emerged as a robust measure of collateral blood flow in acute ischemic stroke. The addition of deep venous drainage to this assessment may provide valuable information to further guide the treatment of these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated by thrombectomy between January 2013 and January 2021. The internal cerebral veins were scored on a scale of 0–2. This metric was combined with existing cortical vein opacification scores to create a comprehensive venous outflow score from 0 to 8 and stratify patients as having favorable-versus-unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow. Outcome analyses were primarily conducted using the Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests.

RESULTS: Six hundred seventy-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. Three hundred fifteen were stratified as having favorable comprehensive venous outflow (mean age, 73 years; range, 62–81 years; 170 men), and 363, as having unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow (mean age, 77 years; range, 67–85 years; 154 men). There were significantly higher rates of functional independence (mRS 0–2; 194/296 versus 37/352, 66% versus 11%, P  &lt; .001) and excellent reperfusion (TICI 2c/3; 166/313 versus 142/358, 53% versus 40%, P  &lt; .001) in patients with favorable comprehensive venous outflow. There was a significant increase in the association of mRS with the comprehensive venous outflow score compared with the cortical vein opacification score (−0.74 versus −0.67, P = .006).

CONCLUSIONS: A favorable comprehensive venous profile is strongly associated with functional independence and excellent postthrombectomy reperfusion. Future studies should focus on patients with venous outflow status that is discrepant with the eventual outcome.

AIS
:   acute ischemic stroke
COVES
:   cortical vein opacification score
CVO
:   comprehensive venous outflow
CVO+
:   favorable comprehensive venous outflow
CVO–
:   unfavorable comprehensive venous outflow
ICV
:   internal cerebral vein; IQR = interquartile range
LVO
:   large-vessel occlusion
VO
:   venous outflow" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Comprehensive Venous Outflow Predicts Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated by Thrombectomy</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">G. Adusumilli</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">T.D. Faizy</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">S. Christensen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">M. Mlynash</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Y. Loh</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">G.W. Albers</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">M.G. Lansberg</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">J. Fiehler</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">J.J. Heit</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2023,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">675-680; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7879 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-102704--6334438324" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Adusumilli </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (G.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BAdusumilli%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Adusumilli%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BAdusumilli%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-6370" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G. Adusumilli</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.D. Faizy </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neuroradiology (T.D.F., J.F.), University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.D.%2BFaizy%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Faizy%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.D.%2BFaizy%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-2020" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.D. Faizy</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Christensen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Stanford Stroke Center (S.C., M.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BChristensen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Christensen%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BChristensen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Mlynash </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Stanford Stroke Center (S.C., M.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BMlynash%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mlynash%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BMlynash%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-8699" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Mlynash</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Loh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Comprehensive Stroke Center (Y.L.), Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLoh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Loh%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLoh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G.W. Albers </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Stanford Stroke Center (S.C., M.M., G.W.A., M.G.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.W.%2BAlbers%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Albers%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.W.%2BAlbers%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.G. 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Lansberg</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Fiehler </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neuroradiology (T.D.F., J.F.), University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BFiehler%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fiehler%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BFiehler%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-7478" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Adusumilli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Faizy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Christensen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mlynash</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Loh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Albers</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lansberg</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fiehler</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heit</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2023, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">675-680; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7879 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Comprehensive Venous Outflow Predicts Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated by Thrombectomy</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Adusumilli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Faizy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Christensen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mlynash</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Loh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Albers</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lansberg</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fiehler</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heit</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2023, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">44 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">675-680; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7879 </span></div>
  
  
  
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