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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Cortical Thin Patch Fraction Reflects Disease Burden in MS: The Mosaic Approach" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A8064" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2024-01-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: GM pathology plays an essential role in MS disability progression, emphasizing the importance of neuroradiologic biomarkers to capture the heterogeneity of cortical disease burden. This study aimed to assess the validity of a patch-wise, individual interpretation of cortical thickness data to identify GM pathology, the “mosaic approach,” which was previously suggested as a biomarker for assessing and localizing atrophy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the mosaic approach in a cohort of 501 patients with MS with respect to 89 internal and 651 external controls. The resulting metric of the mosaic approach is the so-called thin patch fraction, which is an estimate of overall cortical disease burden per patient. We evaluated the mosaic approach with respect to the following: 1) discrimination between patients with MS and controls, 2) classification between different MS phenotypes, and 3) association with established biomarkers reflecting MS disease burden, using general linear modeling.

RESULTS: The thin patch fraction varied significantly between patients with MS and healthy controls and discriminated among MS phenotypes. Furthermore, the thin patch fraction was associated with disease burden, including the Expanded Disability Status Scale, cognitive and fatigue scores, and lesion volume.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the validity of the mosaic approach as a neuroradiologic biomarker in MS. The output of the mosaic approach, namely the thin patch fraction, is a candidate biomarker for assessing and localizing cortical GM pathology. The mosaic approach can furthermore enhance the development of a personalized cortical MS biomarker, given that the thin patch fraction provides a feature on which artificial intelligence methods can be trained. Most important, we showed the validity of the mosaic approach when referencing data with respect to external control MR imaging repositories.

AI
:   artificial intelligence
CamCAN
:   Cambridge Center for Ageing and Neuroscience
CIS
:   clinically isolated syndrome
CTh
:   cortical thickness
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy controls
IQR
:   interquartile range
MAP
:   mosaic approach
MuSIC
:   Multiple Sclerosis Inventory of Cognition
PMS
:   progressive MS
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
TPF
:   thin patch fraction
TUM
:   Technical University of Munich" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Marlene Tahedl" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Tun Wiltgen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Cui Ci Voon" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Achim Berthele" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jan S. Kirschke" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Bernhard Hemmer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Mark Mühlau" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Claus Zimmer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Benedikt Wiestler" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2024-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Ultra-High-Field MRI/Imaging of Epilepsy/Demyelinating Diseases/Inflammation/Infection" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Cortical Thin Patch Fraction Reflects Disease Burden in MS: The Mosaic Approach" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;GM pathology plays an essential role in MS disability progression, emphasizing the importance of neuroradiologic biomarkers to capture the heterogeneity of cortical disease burden. This study aimed to assess the validity of a patch-wise, individual interpretation of cortical thickness data to identify GM pathology, the “mosaic approach,” which was previously suggested as a biomarker for assessing and localizing atrophy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We investigated the mosaic approach in a cohort of 501 patients with MS with respect to 89 internal and 651 external controls. The resulting metric of the mosaic approach is the so-called thin patch fraction, which is an estimate of overall cortical disease burden per patient. We evaluated the mosaic approach with respect to the following: 1) discrimination between patients with MS and controls, 2) classification between different MS phenotypes, and 3) association with established biomarkers reflecting MS disease burden, using general linear modeling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The thin patch fraction varied significantly between patients with MS and healthy controls and discriminated among MS phenotypes. Furthermore, the thin patch fraction was associated with disease burden, including the Expanded Disability Status Scale, cognitive and fatigue scores, and lesion volume.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This study demonstrates the validity of the mosaic approach as a neuroradiologic biomarker in MS. The output of the mosaic approach, namely the thin patch fraction, is a candidate biomarker for assessing and localizing cortical GM pathology. The mosaic approach can furthermore enhance the development of a personalized cortical MS biomarker, given that the thin patch fraction provides a feature on which artificial intelligence methods can be trained. Most important, we showed the validity of the mosaic approach when referencing data with respect to external control MR imaging repositories.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="82" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Marlene Tahedl" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Tun Wiltgen" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Cui Ci Voon" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Bernhard Hemmer" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bDepartment of Neurology (T.W., C.C.V., A.B., B.H., M.M.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cMunich Cluster for Systems Neurology (B.H.), Munich, Germany" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-6784" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Mark Mühlau" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bDepartment of Neurology (T.W., C.C.V., A.B., B.H., M.M.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Claus Zimmer" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (M.T., J.S.K., C.Z., B.W.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Benedikt Wiestler" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (M.T., J.S.K., C.Z., B.W.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Cortical Thin Patch Fraction Reflects Disease Burden in MS: The Mosaic Approach" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: GM pathology plays an essential role in MS disability progression, emphasizing the importance of neuroradiologic biomarkers to capture the heterogeneity of cortical disease burden. This study aimed to assess the validity of a patch-wise, individual interpretation of cortical thickness data to identify GM pathology, the “mosaic approach,” which was previously suggested as a biomarker for assessing and localizing atrophy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the mosaic approach in a cohort of 501 patients with MS with respect to 89 internal and 651 external controls. The resulting metric of the mosaic approach is the so-called thin patch fraction, which is an estimate of overall cortical disease burden per patient. We evaluated the mosaic approach with respect to the following: 1) discrimination between patients with MS and controls, 2) classification between different MS phenotypes, and 3) association with established biomarkers reflecting MS disease burden, using general linear modeling.

RESULTS: The thin patch fraction varied significantly between patients with MS and healthy controls and discriminated among MS phenotypes. Furthermore, the thin patch fraction was associated with disease burden, including the Expanded Disability Status Scale, cognitive and fatigue scores, and lesion volume.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the validity of the mosaic approach as a neuroradiologic biomarker in MS. The output of the mosaic approach, namely the thin patch fraction, is a candidate biomarker for assessing and localizing cortical GM pathology. The mosaic approach can furthermore enhance the development of a personalized cortical MS biomarker, given that the thin patch fraction provides a feature on which artificial intelligence methods can be trained. Most important, we showed the validity of the mosaic approach when referencing data with respect to external control MR imaging repositories.

AI
:   artificial intelligence
CamCAN
:   Cambridge Center for Ageing and Neuroscience
CIS
:   clinically isolated syndrome
CTh
:   cortical thickness
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy controls
IQR
:   interquartile range
MAP
:   mosaic approach
MuSIC
:   Multiple Sclerosis Inventory of Cognition
PMS
:   progressive MS
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
TPF
:   thin patch fraction
TUM
:   Technical University of Munich" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Cortical Thin Patch Fraction Reflects Disease Burden in MS: The Mosaic Approach" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/45/1/82" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: GM pathology plays an essential role in MS disability progression, emphasizing the importance of neuroradiologic biomarkers to capture the heterogeneity of cortical disease burden. This study aimed to assess the validity of a patch-wise, individual interpretation of cortical thickness data to identify GM pathology, the “mosaic approach,” which was previously suggested as a biomarker for assessing and localizing atrophy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the mosaic approach in a cohort of 501 patients with MS with respect to 89 internal and 651 external controls. The resulting metric of the mosaic approach is the so-called thin patch fraction, which is an estimate of overall cortical disease burden per patient. We evaluated the mosaic approach with respect to the following: 1) discrimination between patients with MS and controls, 2) classification between different MS phenotypes, and 3) association with established biomarkers reflecting MS disease burden, using general linear modeling.

RESULTS: The thin patch fraction varied significantly between patients with MS and healthy controls and discriminated among MS phenotypes. Furthermore, the thin patch fraction was associated with disease burden, including the Expanded Disability Status Scale, cognitive and fatigue scores, and lesion volume.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the validity of the mosaic approach as a neuroradiologic biomarker in MS. The output of the mosaic approach, namely the thin patch fraction, is a candidate biomarker for assessing and localizing cortical GM pathology. The mosaic approach can furthermore enhance the development of a personalized cortical MS biomarker, given that the thin patch fraction provides a feature on which artificial intelligence methods can be trained. Most important, we showed the validity of the mosaic approach when referencing data with respect to external control MR imaging repositories.

AI
:   artificial intelligence
CamCAN
:   Cambridge Center for Ageing and Neuroscience
CIS
:   clinically isolated syndrome
CTh
:   cortical thickness
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy controls
IQR
:   interquartile range
MAP
:   mosaic approach
MuSIC
:   Multiple Sclerosis Inventory of Cognition
PMS
:   progressive MS
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
TPF
:   thin patch fraction
TUM
:   Technical University of Munich" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2024,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">45 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">82-89; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8064 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-105412--6960694487" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Marlene Tahedl </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.T., J.S.K., C.Z., B.W.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Marlene%2BTahedl%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tahedl%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li 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University of Munich, Munich, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Cui%2BCi%2BVoon%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Voon%20CC&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ACui%2BCi%2BVoon%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-5030" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Cui Ci Voon</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Achim Berthele </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurology (T.W., C.C.V., A.B., B.H., M.M.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Achim%2BBerthele%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Berthele%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAchim%2BBerthele%2B" rel="nofollow" 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Kirschke </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.T., J.S.K., C.Z., B.W.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Jan%2BS.%2BKirschke%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kirschke%20JS&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJan%2BS.%2BKirschke%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-0003" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Jan S. Kirschke</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Bernhard Hemmer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurology (T.W., C.C.V., A.B., B.H., M.M.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (B.H.), Munich, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Bernhard%2BHemmer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hemmer%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" 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href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Mark%2BM%C3%BChlau%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=M%C3%BChlau%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AMark%2BM%25C3%25BChlau%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Claus Zimmer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.T., J.S.K., C.Z., B.W.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Claus%2BZimmer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zimmer%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AClaus%2BZimmer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4805-9103" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Claus Zimmer</a></li></ul></div><div 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">45 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">82-89; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8064 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">45 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">82-89; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8064 </span></div>
  
  
  
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