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<meta name="DC.Description" content="SUMMARY: An improved understanding of the cellular and molecular biologic processes responsible for brain tumor development, growth, and resistance to therapy is fundamental to improving clinical outcomes. Imaging genomics is the study of the relationships between microscopic, genetic, and molecular biologic features and macroscopic imaging features. Imaging genomics is beginning to shift clinical paradigms for diagnosing and treating brain tumors. This article provides an overview of imaging genomics in gliomas, in which imaging data including hallmarks such as IDH -mutation, MGMT methylation, and EGFR -mutation status can provide critical insights into the pretreatment and posttreatment stages. This article will accomplish the following: 1) review the methods used in imaging genomics, including visual analysis, quantitative analysis, and radiomics analysis; 2) recommend suitable analytic methods for imaging genomics according to biologic characteristics; 3) discuss the clinical applicability of imaging genomics; and 4) introduce subregional tumor habitat analysis with the goal of guiding future radiogenetics research endeavors toward translation into critically needed clinical applications.

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DCE
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H3K27-DMG
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H3K27me3
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LASSO
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PCA
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rCBV
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TERT 
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TME
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WHO
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&lt;p&gt;An improved understanding of the cellular and molecular biologic processes responsible for brain tumor development, growth, and resistance to therapy is fundamental to improving clinical outcomes. Imaging genomics is the study of the relationships between microscopic, genetic, and molecular biologic features and macroscopic imaging features. Imaging genomics is beginning to shift clinical paradigms for diagnosing and treating brain tumors. This article provides an overview of imaging genomics in gliomas, in which imaging data including hallmarks such as &lt;i&gt;IDH&lt;/i&gt;-mutation, &lt;i&gt;MGMT&lt;/i&gt; methylation, and &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;-mutation status can provide critical insights into the pretreatment and posttreatment stages. This article will accomplish the following: 1) review the methods used in imaging genomics, including visual analysis, quantitative analysis, and radiomics analysis; 2) recommend suitable analytic methods for imaging genomics according to biologic characteristics; 3) discuss the clinical applicability of imaging genomics; and 4) introduce subregional tumor habitat analysis with the goal of guiding future radiogenetics research endeavors toward translation into critically needed clinical applications.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Imaging Genomics of Glioma Revisited: Analytic Methods to Understand Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity" />
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/45/5.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="SUMMARY: An improved understanding of the cellular and molecular biologic processes responsible for brain tumor development, growth, and resistance to therapy is fundamental to improving clinical outcomes. Imaging genomics is the study of the relationships between microscopic, genetic, and molecular biologic features and macroscopic imaging features. Imaging genomics is beginning to shift clinical paradigms for diagnosing and treating brain tumors. This article provides an overview of imaging genomics in gliomas, in which imaging data including hallmarks such as IDH -mutation, MGMT methylation, and EGFR -mutation status can provide critical insights into the pretreatment and posttreatment stages. This article will accomplish the following: 1) review the methods used in imaging genomics, including visual analysis, quantitative analysis, and radiomics analysis; 2) recommend suitable analytic methods for imaging genomics according to biologic characteristics; 3) discuss the clinical applicability of imaging genomics; and 4) introduce subregional tumor habitat analysis with the goal of guiding future radiogenetics research endeavors toward translation into critically needed clinical applications.

AI
:   artificial intelligence
CE
:   contrast-enhanced
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhancement
DMG
:   diffuse midline glioma
H3K27-DMG
:   histone H3 lysine 27-altered diffuse midline glioma
H3K27me3
:   H3 lysine 27 trimethylation
IVIM
:   intravoxel incoherent motion
LASSO
:   least absolute shrinkage and selection operator
PCA
:   principal component analysis
rCBV
:   relative CBV
TERT 
:   telomerase reverse transcriptase
TME
:   tumor microenvironment
WHO
:   World Health Organization" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Imaging Genomics of Glioma Revisited: Analytic Methods to Understand Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/45/5/537" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="SUMMARY: An improved understanding of the cellular and molecular biologic processes responsible for brain tumor development, growth, and resistance to therapy is fundamental to improving clinical outcomes. Imaging genomics is the study of the relationships between microscopic, genetic, and molecular biologic features and macroscopic imaging features. Imaging genomics is beginning to shift clinical paradigms for diagnosing and treating brain tumors. This article provides an overview of imaging genomics in gliomas, in which imaging data including hallmarks such as IDH -mutation, MGMT methylation, and EGFR -mutation status can provide critical insights into the pretreatment and posttreatment stages. This article will accomplish the following: 1) review the methods used in imaging genomics, including visual analysis, quantitative analysis, and radiomics analysis; 2) recommend suitable analytic methods for imaging genomics according to biologic characteristics; 3) discuss the clinical applicability of imaging genomics; and 4) introduce subregional tumor habitat analysis with the goal of guiding future radiogenetics research endeavors toward translation into critically needed clinical applications.

AI
:   artificial intelligence
CE
:   contrast-enhanced
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhancement
DMG
:   diffuse midline glioma
H3K27-DMG
:   histone H3 lysine 27-altered diffuse midline glioma
H3K27me3
:   H3 lysine 27 trimethylation
IVIM
:   intravoxel incoherent motion
LASSO
:   least absolute shrinkage and selection operator
PCA
:   principal component analysis
rCBV
:   relative CBV
TERT 
:   telomerase reverse transcriptase
TME
:   tumor microenvironment
WHO
:   World Health Organization" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Imaging Genomics of Glioma Revisited: Analytic Methods to Understand Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Cymon N. Kersch</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Minjae Kim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Jared Stoller</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Ramon F. Barajas</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Ji Eun Park</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2024,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">45 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">537-548; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8148 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-107384--667519820" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Cymon N. Kersch </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiation Medicine (C.N.K.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Cymon%2BN.%2BKersch%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kersch%20CN&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ACymon%2BN.%2BKersch%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4968-9817" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Cymon N. Kersch</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Minjae Kim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (M.K., J.E.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Minjae%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AMinjae%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-9360" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Minjae Kim</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jared Stoller </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.S., R.F.B.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Jared%2BStoller%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Stoller%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJared%2BStoller%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-8372" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Jared Stoller</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Ramon F. Barajas <span class="nlm-suffix">Jr</span></div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Diagnostic Radiology (J.S., R.F.B.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Knight Cancer Institute (R.F.B.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Advanced Imaging Research Center (R.F.B.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Ramon%2BF.%2BBarajas%2B%3Cspan%2Bclass%3D%22nlm-suffix%22%3EJr%3C/span%3E" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Barajas%20RF&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ARamon%2BF.%2BBarajas%2BJr" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-4168" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Ramon F. Barajas <span class="nlm-suffix">Jr</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Ji Eun Park </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (M.K., J.E.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Ji%2BEun%2BPark%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Park%20JE&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJi%2BEun%2BPark%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-4682" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Ji Eun Park</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Imaging Genomics of Glioma Revisited: Analytic Methods to Understand Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Cymon N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kersch</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Minjae</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jared</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stoller</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ramon F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Barajas</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ji Eun</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Park</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">45 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">537-548; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8148 </span></div>
  
  
  
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