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<meta name="DC.Description" content="In patients with Parkinson disease, improved visualization of brain iron on a mid-field-strength magnet can be obtained with T2-weighted images and elimination of phase-encoding artifacts. A long echo delay time accentuates the loss of signal from brain iron. However, the long pulse sequence creates phase-encoding artifacts from CSF pulsations at the level of the basal ganglia. These artifacts are eliminated and resolving power increased with additional pulsing in the slice-selective and read gradients. Elimination of motion artifacts enhances visualization of brain iron in three ways: (1) extrapyramidal nuclei containing iron have better definition, (2) abnormalities are better identified, and (3) pseudolesions disappear. Our findings suggest there is significant improvement in the resolving power of brain iron on MR scans made with a mid-field-strength scanner when gradient modification is used." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Brain iron in patients with Parkinson disease: MR visualization using gradient modification.</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J F Norfray</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">N L Chiaradonna</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">W J Heiser</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">S H Song</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">B V Manyam</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">A B Devleschoward</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">L M Eastwood</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 1988,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">9 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">237-240; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-3745--61277704246" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J F Norfray </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>MR Center of Springfield, Ltd., IL 62701.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J%2BF%2BNorfray%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Norfray%20JF&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ%2BF%2BNorfray%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 9</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 2 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Mar 1988 </div></div>
      
      
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