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<meta name="DC.Description" content="Seventeen patients with partially calcified intracranial lesions, as documented by CT, were evaluated with MR imaging at 1.5 T. All patients were imaged with both conventional spin-echo techniques and reduced flip-angle gradient-echo-acquisition (GEA) sequences, during which a signal is acquired in the absence of a 180° radiofrequency pulse. GEA parameters were implemented so that T2* effects were maximized on these scans. In all 17 patients GEA images showed marked hypointensity throughout the entire area of calcification, matching the calcified region as seen on CT. In contrast, spin-echo findings in the calcified portions of the lesions were extremely variable, precluding confident identification of calcification on these images. The depiction of regions of calcification as marked hypointensity on GEA images can be ascribed to T2* shortening from static local magnetic field gradients at interfaces of regions differing in magnetic susceptibility, a phenomenon that is well documented in vitro, when various diamagnetic solids are placed in aqueous suspension. However, we cannot exclude the possible additional role of accompanying paramagnetic ions, which sometimes are present with diamagnetic calcium salts in various intracranial calcifications. Since the hypointensity due to calcification on GEA images is not specific, noncontrast CT could be used to confirm its presence.

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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Calcified Intracranial Lesions: Detection with Gradient-Echo-Acquisition Rapid MR Imaging</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Scott W. Atlas</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Robert I. Grossman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">David B. Hackney</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">John M. Gomori</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Nicholas Campagna</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Herbert I. Goldberg</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Larissa T. Bilaniuk</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Robert A. Zimmerman</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 1988,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">9 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">253-259; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-13111--61809529550" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Scott W. Atlas </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>1</span>Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Scott%2BW.%2BAtlas%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Atlas%20SW&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AScott%2BW.%2BAtlas%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Robert I. 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<p id="p-2">Seventeen patients with partially calcified intracranial lesions, as documented by CT, were evaluated with MR imaging at 1.5 T. All patients were imaged with both conventional spin-echo techniques and reduced flip-angle gradient-echo-acquisition (GEA) sequences, during which a signal is acquired in the absence of a 180° radiofrequency pulse. GEA parameters were implemented so that T2* effects were maximized on these scans. In all 17 patients GEA images showed marked hypointensity throughout the entire area of calcification, matching the calcified region as seen on CT. In contrast, spin-echo findings in the calcified portions of the lesions were extremely variable, precluding confident identification of calcification on these images. The depiction of regions of calcification as marked hypointensity on GEA images can be ascribed to T2* shortening from static local magnetic field gradients at interfaces of regions differing in magnetic susceptibility, a phenomenon that is well documented in vitro, when various diamagnetic solids are placed in aqueous suspension. However, we cannot exclude the possible additional role of accompanying paramagnetic ions, which sometimes are present with diamagnetic calcium salts in various intracranial calcifications. Since the hypointensity due to calcification on GEA images is not specific, noncontrast CT could be used to confirm its presence.</p>
<p id="p-3">Although this lack of specificity and the artifacts that emanate from diamagnetic susceptibility gradients at or near air-brain interfaces somewhat limit the application of GEA techniques, we suggest that rapid MR imaging using GEA sequences can consistently demonstrate intracranial calcification, and that this technique thus seems to be a useful adjunct to conventional spin-echo imaging.</p>
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 9</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 2 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Mar 1988 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 1988, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">9 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">253-259; </span></div>
  
  
  
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