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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for Pseudoaneurysms Arising after Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication of a thyroid biopsy. However, a standard management strategy has not yet been established. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided thrombin injection (TI) for thyroid pseudoaneurysms. This retrospective study included 7256 patients who underwent thyroid biopsy and TI from January 2020 to January 2024. The technical success, clinical efficacy, and complication rates were evaluated. A total of 0.1% (7/7256) of pseudoaneurysms developed after thyroid biopsy. Except for 1 case that showed obliteration with manual compression, the remaining 6 refractory aneurysms (0.08%) were managed with US-guided TI. All cases (100%) were successfully occluded with US-guided TI. No major complications were observed. One patient (16.7%) developed transient loss of consciousness, which spontaneously resolved within a few seconds. US-guided TI is an effective, relatively safe, and minimally invasive method for managing pseudoaneurysms after thyroid biopsy.

CNB
:   core-needle biopsy
FNA
:   fine-needle aspiration
TI
:   thrombin injection
US
:   ultrasound" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Taehyuk Ham" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Ji Ye Lee" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Young Hun Jeon" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kyu Sung Choi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Inpyeong Hwang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Roh-Eul Yoo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Tae Jin Yun" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Seung Hong Choi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Ji-hoon Kim" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2024-11-07" />
<meta name="article:section" content="HEAD AND NECK IMAGING" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for Pseudoaneurysms Arising after Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;SUMMARY:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication of a thyroid biopsy. However, a standard management strategy has not yet been established. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided thrombin injection (TI) for thyroid pseudoaneurysms. This retrospective study included 7256 patients who underwent thyroid biopsy and TI from January 2020 to January 2024. The technical success, clinical efficacy, and complication rates were evaluated. A total of 0.1% (7/7256) of pseudoaneurysms developed after thyroid biopsy. Except for 1 case that showed obliteration with manual compression, the remaining 6 refractory aneurysms (0.08%) were managed with US-guided TI. All cases (100%) were successfully occluded with US-guided TI. No major complications were observed. One patient (16.7%) developed transient loss of consciousness, which spontaneously resolved within a few seconds. US-guided TI is an effective, relatively safe, and minimally invasive method for managing pseudoaneurysms after thyroid biopsy.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Taehyuk Ham" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (T.H., J.Y.L., Y.H.J., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Ji Ye Lee" />
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<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bDepartment of Radiology (J.Y.L., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Young Hun Jeon" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for Pseudoaneurysms Arising after Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication of a thyroid biopsy. However, a standard management strategy has not yet been established. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided thrombin injection (TI) for thyroid pseudoaneurysms. This retrospective study included 7256 patients who underwent thyroid biopsy and TI from January 2020 to January 2024. The technical success, clinical efficacy, and complication rates were evaluated. A total of 0.1% (7/7256) of pseudoaneurysms developed after thyroid biopsy. Except for 1 case that showed obliteration with manual compression, the remaining 6 refractory aneurysms (0.08%) were managed with US-guided TI. All cases (100%) were successfully occluded with US-guided TI. No major complications were observed. One patient (16.7%) developed transient loss of consciousness, which spontaneously resolved within a few seconds. US-guided TI is an effective, relatively safe, and minimally invasive method for managing pseudoaneurysms after thyroid biopsy.

CNB
:   core-needle biopsy
FNA
:   fine-needle aspiration
TI
:   thrombin injection
US
:   ultrasound" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for Pseudoaneurysms Arising after Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/07/ajnr.A8428" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication of a thyroid biopsy. However, a standard management strategy has not yet been established. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided thrombin injection (TI) for thyroid pseudoaneurysms. This retrospective study included 7256 patients who underwent thyroid biopsy and TI from January 2020 to January 2024. The technical success, clinical efficacy, and complication rates were evaluated. A total of 0.1% (7/7256) of pseudoaneurysms developed after thyroid biopsy. Except for 1 case that showed obliteration with manual compression, the remaining 6 refractory aneurysms (0.08%) were managed with US-guided TI. All cases (100%) were successfully occluded with US-guided TI. No major complications were observed. One patient (16.7%) developed transient loss of consciousness, which spontaneously resolved within a few seconds. US-guided TI is an effective, relatively safe, and minimally invasive method for managing pseudoaneurysms after thyroid biopsy.

CNB
:   core-needle biopsy
FNA
:   fine-needle aspiration
TI
:   thrombin injection
US
:   ultrasound" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node111777--5" data-node-nid="111777" id="top-node-111777--6556686788" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A8428v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8428" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2024/11/07/ajnr.A8428.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Brief Report</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">HEAD AND NECK IMAGING</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for Pseudoaneurysms Arising after Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Taehyuk Ham</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Ji Ye Lee</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Young Hun Jeon</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Kyu Sung Choi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Inpyeong Hwang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Roh-Eul Yoo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Tae Jin Yun</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Seung Hong Choi</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">Ji-hoon Kim</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2024,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8428 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-111777--6556686788" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Taehyuk Ham </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (T.H., J.Y.L., Y.H.J., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Taehyuk%2BHam%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ham%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on 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of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Ji%2BYe%2BLee%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lee%20JY&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJi%2BYe%2BLee%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-6254" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Ji Ye Lee</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Young Hun Jeon </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (T.H., J.Y.L., Y.H.J., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Young%2BHun%2BJeon%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jeon%20YH&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AYoung%2BHun%2BJeon%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-3932" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Young Hun Jeon</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Kyu Sung Choi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (T.H., J.Y.L., Y.H.J., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (J.Y.L., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Kyu%2BSung%2BChoi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Choi%20KS&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AKyu%2BSung%2BChoi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-3307" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Kyu Sung Choi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Inpyeong Hwang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (T.H., J.Y.L., Y.H.J., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (J.Y.L., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Inpyeong%2BHwang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hwang%20I&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author 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Republic of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Roh-Eul%2BYoo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yoo%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ARoh-Eul%2BYoo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-5921" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Roh-Eul Yoo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Tae Jin Yun </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (T.H., J.Y.L., Y.H.J., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (J.Y.L., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Tae%2BJin%2BYun%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yun%20TJ&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ATae%2BJin%2BYun%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-4574" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Tae Jin Yun</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Seung Hong Choi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (T.H., J.Y.L., Y.H.J., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (J.Y.L., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Seung%2BHong%2BChoi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Choi%20SH&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ASeung%2BHong%2BChoi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-2270" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Seung Hong Choi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Ji-hoon Kim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (T.H., J.Y.L., Y.H.J., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (J.Y.L., K.S.C., I.H., R.E.Y., T.J.Y., S.H.C., J.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Ji-hoon%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2 class="">SUMMARY:</h2><p id="p-1">Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication of a thyroid biopsy. However, a standard management strategy has not yet been established. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided thrombin injection (TI) for thyroid pseudoaneurysms. This retrospective study included 7256 patients who underwent thyroid biopsy and TI from January 2020 to January 2024. The technical success, clinical efficacy, and complication rates were evaluated. A total of 0.1% (7/7256) of pseudoaneurysms developed after thyroid biopsy. Except for 1 case that showed obliteration with manual compression, the remaining 6 refractory aneurysms (0.08%) were managed with US-guided TI. All cases (100%) were successfully occluded with US-guided TI. No major complications were observed. One patient (16.7%) developed transient loss of consciousness, which spontaneously resolved within a few seconds. US-guided TI is an effective, relatively safe, and minimally invasive method for managing pseudoaneurysms after thyroid biopsy.</p></div><div class="section glossary" id="glossary-1"><h2 class="">ABBREVIATIONS:</h2><dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">CNB<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>core-needle biopsy<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">FNA<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>fine-needle aspiration<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">TI<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>thrombin injection<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">US<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>ultrasound</dd></dl></div><div class="section fn-group" id="fn-group-1"><h2>Footnotes</h2><ul><li class="fn-financial-disclosure" id="fn-1"><p id="p-26"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/sites/default/files/additional-assets/Disclosures/January%202025/0283.pdf">Disclosure forms</a> provided by the authors are available with the full text and PDF of this article at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a>.</p></li></ul></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2025 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/11/07/ajnr.A8428.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8428 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection for Pseudoaneurysms Arising after Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Taehyuk</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ham</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ji Ye</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Young Hun</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jeon</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kyu Sung</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Choi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Inpyeong</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hwang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Roh-Eul</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yoo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Tae Jin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yun</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Seung Hong</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Choi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ji-hoon</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8428 </span></div>
  
  
  
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