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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Regional Cerebral Arterial Transit Time Hemodynamics Correlate with Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function in Men with Coronary Artery Disease" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4094" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-08-21" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2015 American Society of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial transit time is the time needed for blood to travel from large arteries to capillaries, as estimated from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vascular risk factors and cognitive performance are related to regional differences in cerebral arterial transit time in patients with coronary artery disease who are at risk for cognitive decline.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Arterial transit time was estimated from multiple postlabel delay pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling images obtained from 29 men with coronary artery disease. Tests of memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function were administered. Principal component analysis was used to create separate models of cognition and vascular risk, which were related to brain regions through voxelwise analyses of arterial transit time maps.

RESULTS: Principal component analysis identified 2 components of vascular risk: 1) “pressor” (age, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure) and 2) “obesity” (body fat percentage and body mass index). Obesity was inversely related to arterial transit time in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, lateral occipital cortices, middle temporal gyrus, and frontal pole ( P corrected &lt; .05), whereas pressor was not significant. Cognitive scores were factored into a single component. Poor performance was inversely related to precuneus arterial transit time ( P corrected &lt; .05). The average arterial transit time in regions identified by obesity was associated with poorer cognitive function ( r 2 = 0.21, t = -2.65, P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Altered cerebral hemodynamics, notably in nodal structures of the default mode network, may be one way that vascular risk factors impact cognition in patients with coronary artery disease.

### Abbreviations

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
ATT
:   arterial transit time
BMI
:   body mass index
CAD
:   coronary artery disease
cog-PC
:   cognitive principal component
CVLT-LDFR
:   California Verbal Learning Test long-delay free recall
LATT
:   large-artery transit time
PC
:   principal component
SBP
:   systolic blood pressure" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.J. MacIntosh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W. Swardfager" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.D. Robertson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Tchistiakova" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Saleem" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.I. Oh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Herrmann" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Stefanovic" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K.L. Lanctôt" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2014-08-21" />
<meta name="article:section" content="BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Regional Cerebral Arterial Transit Time Hemodynamics Correlate with Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function in Men with Coronary Artery Disease" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Arterial transit time is the time needed for blood to travel from large arteries to capillaries, as estimated from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vascular risk factors and cognitive performance are related to regional differences in cerebral arterial transit time in patients with coronary artery disease who are at risk for cognitive decline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Arterial transit time was estimated from multiple postlabel delay pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling images obtained from 29 men with coronary artery disease. Tests of memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function were administered. Principal component analysis was used to create separate models of cognition and vascular risk, which were related to brain regions through voxelwise analyses of arterial transit time maps.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Principal component analysis identified 2 components of vascular risk: 1) “pressor” (age, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure) and 2) “obesity” (body fat percentage and body mass index). Obesity was inversely related to arterial transit time in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, lateral occipital cortices, middle temporal gyrus, and frontal pole (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; corrected &amp;lt; .05), whereas pressor was not significant. Cognitive scores were factored into a single component. Poor performance was inversely related to precuneus arterial transit time (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; corrected &amp;lt; .05). The average arterial transit time in regions identified by obesity was associated with poorer cognitive function (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.21, &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; = -2.65, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .01).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Altered cerebral hemodynamics, notably in nodal structures of the default mode network, may be one way that vascular risk factors impact cognition in patients with coronary artery disease.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2014/08/21" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;ajnr.A4094v1" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
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<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4094" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="B.J. MacIntosh" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="W. Swardfager" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="A.D. Robertson" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="E. Tchistiakova" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="M. Saleem" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P.I. Oh" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="N. Herrmann" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="B. Stefanovic" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="K.L. Lanctôt" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada." />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Regional Cerebral Arterial Transit Time Hemodynamics Correlate with Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function in Men with Coronary Artery Disease" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial transit time is the time needed for blood to travel from large arteries to capillaries, as estimated from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vascular risk factors and cognitive performance are related to regional differences in cerebral arterial transit time in patients with coronary artery disease who are at risk for cognitive decline.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Arterial transit time was estimated from multiple postlabel delay pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling images obtained from 29 men with coronary artery disease. Tests of memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function were administered. Principal component analysis was used to create separate models of cognition and vascular risk, which were related to brain regions through voxelwise analyses of arterial transit time maps.

RESULTS: Principal component analysis identified 2 components of vascular risk: 1) “pressor” (age, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure) and 2) “obesity” (body fat percentage and body mass index). Obesity was inversely related to arterial transit time in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, lateral occipital cortices, middle temporal gyrus, and frontal pole ( P corrected &lt; .05), whereas pressor was not significant. Cognitive scores were factored into a single component. Poor performance was inversely related to precuneus arterial transit time ( P corrected &lt; .05). The average arterial transit time in regions identified by obesity was associated with poorer cognitive function ( r 2 = 0.21, t = -2.65, P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Altered cerebral hemodynamics, notably in nodal structures of the default mode network, may be one way that vascular risk factors impact cognition in patients with coronary artery disease.

### Abbreviations

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
ATT
:   arterial transit time
BMI
:   body mass index
CAD
:   coronary artery disease
cog-PC
:   cognitive principal component
CVLT-LDFR
:   California Verbal Learning Test long-delay free recall
LATT
:   large-artery transit time
PC
:   principal component
SBP
:   systolic blood pressure" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Regional Cerebral Arterial Transit Time Hemodynamics Correlate with Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function in Men with Coronary Artery Disease" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2014/08/21/ajnr.A4094" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial transit time is the time needed for blood to travel from large arteries to capillaries, as estimated from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vascular risk factors and cognitive performance are related to regional differences in cerebral arterial transit time in patients with coronary artery disease who are at risk for cognitive decline.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Arterial transit time was estimated from multiple postlabel delay pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling images obtained from 29 men with coronary artery disease. Tests of memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function were administered. Principal component analysis was used to create separate models of cognition and vascular risk, which were related to brain regions through voxelwise analyses of arterial transit time maps.

RESULTS: Principal component analysis identified 2 components of vascular risk: 1) “pressor” (age, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure) and 2) “obesity” (body fat percentage and body mass index). Obesity was inversely related to arterial transit time in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, lateral occipital cortices, middle temporal gyrus, and frontal pole ( P corrected &lt; .05), whereas pressor was not significant. Cognitive scores were factored into a single component. Poor performance was inversely related to precuneus arterial transit time ( P corrected &lt; .05). The average arterial transit time in regions identified by obesity was associated with poorer cognitive function ( r 2 = 0.21, t = -2.65, P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Altered cerebral hemodynamics, notably in nodal structures of the default mode network, may be one way that vascular risk factors impact cognition in patients with coronary artery disease.

### Abbreviations

ASL
:   arterial spin-labeling
ATT
:   arterial transit time
BMI
:   body mass index
CAD
:   coronary artery disease
cog-PC
:   cognitive principal component
CVLT-LDFR
:   California Verbal Learning Test long-delay free recall
LATT
:   large-artery transit time
PC
:   principal component
SBP
:   systolic blood pressure" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node50785--5" data-node-nid="50785" id="top-node-50785--61876976064" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A4094v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4094" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2014/08/21/ajnr.A4094.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Regional Cerebral Arterial Transit Time Hemodynamics Correlate with Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function in Men with Coronary Artery Disease</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">B.J. MacIntosh</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">W. Swardfager</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">A.D. Robertson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">E. Tchistiakova</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">M. Saleem</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">P.I. Oh</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">N. Herrmann</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">B. Stefanovic</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">K.L. Lanctôt</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2014,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4094 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-50785--61876976064" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.J. MacIntosh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.J.%2BMacIntosh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=MacIntosh%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.J.%2BMacIntosh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W. Swardfager </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.%2BSwardfager%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Swardfager%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.%2BSwardfager%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.D. Robertson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.D.%2BRobertson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Robertson%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.D.%2BRobertson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Tchistiakova </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BTchistiakova%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tchistiakova%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BTchistiakova%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Saleem </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BSaleem%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Saleem%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BSaleem%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.I. Oh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.I.%2BOh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Oh%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.I.%2BOh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. Herrmann </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BHerrmann%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Herrmann%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BHerrmann%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Stefanovic </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BStefanovic%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Stefanovic%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BStefanovic%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K.L. Lanctôt </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.), Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.), and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,), Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.), and Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.L.%2BLanct%C3%B4t%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lanct%C3%B4t%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.L.%2BLanct%25C3%25B4t%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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