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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Presurgical Brain Mapping of the Ventral Somatomotor Network in Patients with Brain Tumors Using Resting-State fMRI" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5132" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-03-31" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 American Society of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Resting-state fMRI readily identifies the dorsal but less consistently the ventral somatomotor network. Our aim was to assess the relative utility of resting-state fMRI in the identification of the ventral somatomotor network via comparison with task-based fMRI in patients with brain tumor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 26 surgically na|fkve patients referred for presurgical fMRI brain mapping who had undergone both satisfactory ventral motor activation tasks and resting-state fMRI. Following standard preprocessing for task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI, general linear model analysis of the ventral motor tasks and independent component analysis of resting-state fMRI were performed with the number of components set to 20, 30, 40, and 50. Visual overlap of task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI at different component levels was assessed and categorized as full match, partial match, or no match. Rest-versus-task-fMRI concordance was calculated with Dice coefficients across varying fMRI thresholds before and after noise removal. Multithresholded Dice coefficient volume under the surface was calculated.

RESULTS: The ventral somatomotor network was identified in 81% of patients. At the subject level, better matches between resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI were seen with an increasing order of components (53% of cases for 20 components versus 73% for 50 components). Noise-removed group-mean volume under the surface improved as component numbers increased from 20 to 50, though ANOVA demonstrated no statistically significant difference among the 4 groups.

CONCLUSIONS: In most patients, the ventral somatomotor network can be identified with an increase in the probability of a better match at a higher component number. There is variable concordance of the ventral somatomotor network at the single-subject level between resting-state and task-based fMRI.

### Abbreviations

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
ICA
:   independent component analysis
rs-fMRI
:   resting-state fMRI
tb-fMRI
:   task-based fMRI
VSMN
:   ventral somatomotor network
VUS
:   volume under the surface" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.J. Pillai" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.A. Lindquist" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V.D. Calhoun" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Agarwal" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.D. Airan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Caffo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Gujar" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H.I. Sair" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-03-30" />
<meta name="article:section" content="FUNCTIONAL" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Presurgical Brain Mapping of the Ventral Somatomotor Network in Patients with Brain Tumors Using Resting-State fMRI" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Resting-state fMRI readily identifies the dorsal but less consistently the ventral somatomotor network. Our aim was to assess the relative utility of resting-state fMRI in the identification of the ventral somatomotor network via comparison with task-based fMRI in patients with brain tumor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We identified 26 surgically na|fkve patients referred for presurgical fMRI brain mapping who had undergone both satisfactory ventral motor activation tasks and resting-state fMRI. Following standard preprocessing for task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI, general linear model analysis of the ventral motor tasks and independent component analysis of resting-state fMRI were performed with the number of components set to 20, 30, 40, and 50. Visual overlap of task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI at different component levels was assessed and categorized as full match, partial match, or no match. Rest-versus-task-fMRI concordance was calculated with Dice coefficients across varying fMRI thresholds before and after noise removal. Multithresholded Dice coefficient volume under the surface was calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The ventral somatomotor network was identified in 81% of patients. At the subject level, better matches between resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI were seen with an increasing order of components (53% of cases for 20 components versus 73% for 50 components). Noise-removed group-mean volume under the surface improved as component numbers increased from 20 to 50, though ANOVA demonstrated no statistically significant difference among the 4 groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In most patients, the ventral somatomotor network can be identified with an increase in the probability of a better match at a higher component number. There is variable concordance of the ventral somatomotor network at the single-subject level between resting-state and task-based fMRI.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="N. Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico." />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="J.J. Pillai" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-7192" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="M.A. Lindquist" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico." />
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<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico." />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="S. Agarwal" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="R.D. Airan" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="B. Gujar" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico." />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="H.I. Sair" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico." />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Presurgical Brain Mapping of the Ventral Somatomotor Network in Patients with Brain Tumors Using Resting-State fMRI" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Resting-state fMRI readily identifies the dorsal but less consistently the ventral somatomotor network. Our aim was to assess the relative utility of resting-state fMRI in the identification of the ventral somatomotor network via comparison with task-based fMRI in patients with brain tumor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 26 surgically na|fkve patients referred for presurgical fMRI brain mapping who had undergone both satisfactory ventral motor activation tasks and resting-state fMRI. Following standard preprocessing for task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI, general linear model analysis of the ventral motor tasks and independent component analysis of resting-state fMRI were performed with the number of components set to 20, 30, 40, and 50. Visual overlap of task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI at different component levels was assessed and categorized as full match, partial match, or no match. Rest-versus-task-fMRI concordance was calculated with Dice coefficients across varying fMRI thresholds before and after noise removal. Multithresholded Dice coefficient volume under the surface was calculated.

RESULTS: The ventral somatomotor network was identified in 81% of patients. At the subject level, better matches between resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI were seen with an increasing order of components (53% of cases for 20 components versus 73% for 50 components). Noise-removed group-mean volume under the surface improved as component numbers increased from 20 to 50, though ANOVA demonstrated no statistically significant difference among the 4 groups.

CONCLUSIONS: In most patients, the ventral somatomotor network can be identified with an increase in the probability of a better match at a higher component number. There is variable concordance of the ventral somatomotor network at the single-subject level between resting-state and task-based fMRI.

### Abbreviations

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
ICA
:   independent component analysis
rs-fMRI
:   resting-state fMRI
tb-fMRI
:   task-based fMRI
VSMN
:   ventral somatomotor network
VUS
:   volume under the surface" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Presurgical Brain Mapping of the Ventral Somatomotor Network in Patients with Brain Tumors Using Resting-State fMRI" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2017/03/30/ajnr.A5132" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Resting-state fMRI readily identifies the dorsal but less consistently the ventral somatomotor network. Our aim was to assess the relative utility of resting-state fMRI in the identification of the ventral somatomotor network via comparison with task-based fMRI in patients with brain tumor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 26 surgically na|fkve patients referred for presurgical fMRI brain mapping who had undergone both satisfactory ventral motor activation tasks and resting-state fMRI. Following standard preprocessing for task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI, general linear model analysis of the ventral motor tasks and independent component analysis of resting-state fMRI were performed with the number of components set to 20, 30, 40, and 50. Visual overlap of task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI at different component levels was assessed and categorized as full match, partial match, or no match. Rest-versus-task-fMRI concordance was calculated with Dice coefficients across varying fMRI thresholds before and after noise removal. Multithresholded Dice coefficient volume under the surface was calculated.

RESULTS: The ventral somatomotor network was identified in 81% of patients. At the subject level, better matches between resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI were seen with an increasing order of components (53% of cases for 20 components versus 73% for 50 components). Noise-removed group-mean volume under the surface improved as component numbers increased from 20 to 50, though ANOVA demonstrated no statistically significant difference among the 4 groups.

CONCLUSIONS: In most patients, the ventral somatomotor network can be identified with an increase in the probability of a better match at a higher component number. There is variable concordance of the ventral somatomotor network at the single-subject level between resting-state and task-based fMRI.

### Abbreviations

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
ICA
:   independent component analysis
rs-fMRI
:   resting-state fMRI
tb-fMRI
:   task-based fMRI
VSMN
:   ventral somatomotor network
VUS
:   volume under the surface" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node54036--5" data-node-nid="54036" id="top-node-54036--6653044787" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A5132v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5132" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2017/03/30/ajnr.A5132.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Presurgical Brain Mapping of the Ventral Somatomotor Network in Patients with Brain Tumors Using Resting-State fMRI</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">N. Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J.J. Pillai</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M.A. Lindquist</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">V.D. Calhoun</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">S. Agarwal</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">R.D. Airan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">B. Caffo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">B. Gujar</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">H.I. Sair</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5132 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-54036--6653044787" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BYahyavi-Firouz-Abadi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BYahyavi-Firouz-Abadi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-1593" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for N. Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.J. Pillai </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.J.%2BPillai%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pillai%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.J.%2BPillai%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-7192" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.J. Pillai</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.A. Lindquist </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.A.%2BLindquist%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lindquist%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.A.%2BLindquist%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-0828" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.A. Lindquist</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V.D. Calhoun </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.D.%2BCalhoun%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Calhoun%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.D.%2BCalhoun%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-0747" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V.D. Calhoun</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Agarwal </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BAgarwal%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Agarwal%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BAgarwal%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-5354" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Agarwal</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.D. Airan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.D.%2BAiran%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Airan%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.D.%2BAiran%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-5606" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.D. Airan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Caffo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BCaffo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Caffo%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BCaffo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9497" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B. Caffo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Gujar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BGujar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gujar%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BGujar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-5687" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B. Gujar</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H.I. Sair </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Department of Radiology (N.Y.-F.-A.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group of Kaiser Permanente, Kensington, Maryland; Division of Neuroradiology, (N.Y.-F.-A., J.J.P., S.A., R.D.A., S.K.G., H.I.S.), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics (M.A.L., B.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Mind Research Network (S.A., V.D.C.), Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.I.%2BSair%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sair%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.I.%2BSair%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5077-0471" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for H.I. 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