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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/early/2017/08/03/ajnr.A5327.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="In Vivo Imaging of Venous Side Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Older Adults: An MRI Method at 7T" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5327" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-08-03" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 American Society of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Traditional neuroimaging markers of small-vessel disease focus on late-stage changes. We aimed to adapt a method of venular assessment at 7T for use in older adults. We hypothesized that poorer venular morphologic characteristics would be related to other small-vessel disease neuroimaging markers and a higher prevalence of small-vessel disease–Alzheimer disease risk factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Venules were identified in periventricular ROIs on SWI and defined as tortuous or straight. The tortuosity ratio was defined as total tortuous venular length divided by total straight venular length. White matter hyperintensity burden (visually rated from 0 to 3) and the number of microbleeds (0, 1, &gt;1) were determined. Differences in tortuous and straight venular lengths were evaluated. Relationships with demographic variables, allele producing the e4 type of apolipoprotein E ( APOE4 ), growth factors, pulse pressure, physical activity, and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination were assessed via Spearman correlations.

RESULTS: Participants had 42% more tortuous venular tissue than straight (median, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.13–1.62). APOE4 presence was associated with a greater tortuosity ratio (ρ = 0.454, P = .001), and these results were robust to adjustment for confounders and multiple comparisons. Associations of the tortuosity ratio with sex and vascular endothelial growth factor did not survive adjustment. Associations of the tortuosity ratio with other variables of interest were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic measures of venules at 7T could be useful biomarkers of the early stages of small-vessel disease and Alzheimer disease. Longitudinal studies should examine the impact of apolipoprotein E and vascular endothelial growth factor on the risk of venular damage.

### Abbreviations

AD
:   Alzheimer disease
APOE4 
:   allele producing the e4 type of apolipoprotein E 
BDNF
:   brain-derived neurotrophic factor
IQR
:   interquartile range
LIFE MRI
:   Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Magnetic Resonance Imaging study
3MS
:   Modified Mini-Mental State Examination
SVD
:   small-vessel disease
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensities" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.E. Shaaban" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H.J. Aizenstein" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.R. Jorgensen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.L. MacCloud" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N.A. Meckes" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K.I. Erickson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N.W. Glynn" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Mettenburg" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Guralnik" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.B. Newman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.S. Ibrahim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.J. Laurienti" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.N. Vallejo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Rosano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="for the LIFE Study Group" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-08-03" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="In Vivo Imaging of Venous Side Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Older Adults: An MRI Method at 7T" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Traditional neuroimaging markers of small-vessel disease focus on late-stage changes. We aimed to adapt a method of venular assessment at 7T for use in older adults. We hypothesized that poorer venular morphologic characteristics would be related to other small-vessel disease neuroimaging markers and a higher prevalence of small-vessel disease–Alzheimer disease risk factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Venules were identified in periventricular ROIs on SWI and defined as tortuous or straight. The tortuosity ratio was defined as total tortuous venular length divided by total straight venular length. White matter hyperintensity burden (visually rated from 0 to 3) and the number of microbleeds (0, 1, &amp;gt;1) were determined. Differences in tortuous and straight venular lengths were evaluated. Relationships with demographic variables, allele producing the e4 type of &lt;i&gt;apolipoprotein E&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;APOE4&lt;/i&gt;), growth factors, pulse pressure, physical activity, and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination were assessed via Spearman correlations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Participants had 42% more tortuous venular tissue than straight (median, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.13–1.62). &lt;i&gt;APOE4&lt;/i&gt; presence was associated with a greater tortuosity ratio (ρ = 0.454, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .001), and these results were robust to adjustment for confounders and multiple comparisons. Associations of the tortuosity ratio with sex and vascular endothelial growth factor did not survive adjustment. Associations of the tortuosity ratio with other variables of interest were not significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Morphologic measures of venules at 7T could be useful biomarkers of the early stages of small-vessel disease and Alzheimer disease. Longitudinal studies should examine the impact of &lt;i&gt;apolipoprotein E&lt;/i&gt; and vascular endothelial growth factor on the risk of venular damage.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/08/03" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
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<meta name="citation_section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="C.E. Shaaban" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="N.A. Meckes" />
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<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6738-5855" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P.J. Laurienti" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-9658" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="A.N. Vallejo" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7983-9567" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="C. Rosano" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-1506" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="In Vivo Imaging of Venous Side Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Older Adults: An MRI Method at 7T" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Traditional neuroimaging markers of small-vessel disease focus on late-stage changes. We aimed to adapt a method of venular assessment at 7T for use in older adults. We hypothesized that poorer venular morphologic characteristics would be related to other small-vessel disease neuroimaging markers and a higher prevalence of small-vessel disease–Alzheimer disease risk factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Venules were identified in periventricular ROIs on SWI and defined as tortuous or straight. The tortuosity ratio was defined as total tortuous venular length divided by total straight venular length. White matter hyperintensity burden (visually rated from 0 to 3) and the number of microbleeds (0, 1, &gt;1) were determined. Differences in tortuous and straight venular lengths were evaluated. Relationships with demographic variables, allele producing the e4 type of apolipoprotein E ( APOE4 ), growth factors, pulse pressure, physical activity, and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination were assessed via Spearman correlations.

RESULTS: Participants had 42% more tortuous venular tissue than straight (median, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.13–1.62). APOE4 presence was associated with a greater tortuosity ratio (ρ = 0.454, P = .001), and these results were robust to adjustment for confounders and multiple comparisons. Associations of the tortuosity ratio with sex and vascular endothelial growth factor did not survive adjustment. Associations of the tortuosity ratio with other variables of interest were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic measures of venules at 7T could be useful biomarkers of the early stages of small-vessel disease and Alzheimer disease. Longitudinal studies should examine the impact of apolipoprotein E and vascular endothelial growth factor on the risk of venular damage.

### Abbreviations

AD
:   Alzheimer disease
APOE4 
:   allele producing the e4 type of apolipoprotein E 
BDNF
:   brain-derived neurotrophic factor
IQR
:   interquartile range
LIFE MRI
:   Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Magnetic Resonance Imaging study
3MS
:   Modified Mini-Mental State Examination
SVD
:   small-vessel disease
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensities" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="In Vivo Imaging of Venous Side Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Older Adults: An MRI Method at 7T" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2017/08/03/ajnr.A5327" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Traditional neuroimaging markers of small-vessel disease focus on late-stage changes. We aimed to adapt a method of venular assessment at 7T for use in older adults. We hypothesized that poorer venular morphologic characteristics would be related to other small-vessel disease neuroimaging markers and a higher prevalence of small-vessel disease–Alzheimer disease risk factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Venules were identified in periventricular ROIs on SWI and defined as tortuous or straight. The tortuosity ratio was defined as total tortuous venular length divided by total straight venular length. White matter hyperintensity burden (visually rated from 0 to 3) and the number of microbleeds (0, 1, &gt;1) were determined. Differences in tortuous and straight venular lengths were evaluated. Relationships with demographic variables, allele producing the e4 type of apolipoprotein E ( APOE4 ), growth factors, pulse pressure, physical activity, and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination were assessed via Spearman correlations.

RESULTS: Participants had 42% more tortuous venular tissue than straight (median, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.13–1.62). APOE4 presence was associated with a greater tortuosity ratio (ρ = 0.454, P = .001), and these results were robust to adjustment for confounders and multiple comparisons. Associations of the tortuosity ratio with sex and vascular endothelial growth factor did not survive adjustment. Associations of the tortuosity ratio with other variables of interest were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic measures of venules at 7T could be useful biomarkers of the early stages of small-vessel disease and Alzheimer disease. Longitudinal studies should examine the impact of apolipoprotein E and vascular endothelial growth factor on the risk of venular damage.

### Abbreviations

AD
:   Alzheimer disease
APOE4 
:   allele producing the e4 type of apolipoprotein E 
BDNF
:   brain-derived neurotrophic factor
IQR
:   interquartile range
LIFE MRI
:   Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Magnetic Resonance Imaging study
3MS
:   Modified Mini-Mental State Examination
SVD
:   small-vessel disease
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor
WMH
:   white matter hyperintensities" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="/node/55487" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node55487--5" data-node-nid="55487" id="top-node-55487--6642929365" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A5327v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5327" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2017/08/03/ajnr.A5327.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">C.E. Shaaban</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">H.J. Aizenstein</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">D.R. Jorgensen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">R.L. MacCloud</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">N.A. Meckes</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">K.I. Erickson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">N.W. Glynn</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">J. Mettenburg</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">J. Guralnik</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">A.B. Newman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">T.S. Ibrahim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">P.J. Laurienti</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">A.N. Vallejo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">C. Rosano</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-collab" data-hwp-id="collab-1">for the LIFE Study Group</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5327 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-55487--6642929365" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.E. Shaaban </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.E.%2BShaaban%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shaaban%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.E.%2BShaaban%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-1951" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C.E. Shaaban</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H.J. Aizenstein </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.J.%2BAizenstein%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Aizenstein%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.J.%2BAizenstein%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-6582" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for H.J. Aizenstein</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.R. Jorgensen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.R.%2BJorgensen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jorgensen%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.R.%2BJorgensen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-9918" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.R. Jorgensen</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.L. MacCloud </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.L.%2BMacCloud%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=MacCloud%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.L.%2BMacCloud%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2770-1600" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.L. MacCloud</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N.A. Meckes </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.A.%2BMeckes%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Meckes%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.A.%2BMeckes%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-6778" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for N.A. Meckes</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K.I. Erickson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.I.%2BErickson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Erickson%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.I.%2BErickson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8736-981X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K.I. Erickson</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N.W. Glynn </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.W.%2BGlynn%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Glynn%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.W.%2BGlynn%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2265-0162" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for N.W. Glynn</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Mettenburg </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BMettenburg%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mettenburg%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BMettenburg%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-6268" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Mettenburg</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Guralnik </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BGuralnik%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Guralnik%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BGuralnik%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-7263" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Guralnik</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.B. Newman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.B.%2BNewman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Newman%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.B.%2BNewman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-1150" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.B. Newman</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.S. Ibrahim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.S.%2BIbrahim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ibrahim%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.S.%2BIbrahim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6738-5855" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.S. Ibrahim</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.J. Laurienti </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.J.%2BLaurienti%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Laurienti%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.J.%2BLaurienti%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-9658" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P.J. Laurienti</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.N. Vallejo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.N.%2BVallejo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Vallejo%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.N.%2BVallejo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7983-9567" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.N. Vallejo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Rosano </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BRosano%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rosano%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BRosano%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-1506" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Rosano</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>From the Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology (C.E.S., D.R.J., N.W.G., A.B.N., C.R.), Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (C.E.S., H.J.A., D.R.J., K.I.E., C.R.), Departments of Psychiatry (H.J.A., R.L.M.), Biological Sciences (N.A.M.), Psychology (K.I.E.), Radiology (J.M., T.S.I.), Bioengineering (T.S.I.), and Immunology (A.N.V.). University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (J.G.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks (P.J.L.) and Department of Radiology (P.J.L.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Pediatrics (A.N.V.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</div></span></div></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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