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<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/early/2021/06/03/ajnr.A7165.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="MTT and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption within Asymptomatic Vascular WM Lesions" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7165" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-06-03" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter lesions of presumed ischemic origin are associated with progressive cognitive impairment and impaired BBB function. Studying the longitudinal effects of white matter lesion biomarkers that measure changes in perfusion and BBB patency within white matter lesions is required for long-term studies of lesion progression. We studied perfusion and BBB disruption within white matter lesions in asymptomatic subjects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatomic imaging was followed by consecutive dynamic contrast-enhanced and DSC imaging. White matter lesions in 21 asymptomatic individuals were determined using a Subject-Specific Sparse Dictionary Learning algorithm with manual correction. Perfusion-related parameters including CBF, MTT, the BBB leakage parameter, and volume transfer constant were determined.

RESULTS: MTT was significantly prolonged (7.88 [SD, 1.03] seconds) within white matter lesions compared with normal-appearing white (7.29 [SD, 1.14] seconds) and gray matter (6.67 [SD, 1.35] seconds). The volume transfer constant, measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, was significantly elevated (0.013 [SD, 0.017] minutes−1) in white matter lesions compared with normal-appearing white matter (0.007 [SD, 0.011]  minutes−1). BBB disruption within white matter lesions was detected relative to normal white and gray matter using the DSC-BBB leakage parameter method so that increasing BBB disruption correlated with increasing white matter lesion volume (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.44; P &lt; .046).

CONCLUSIONS: A dual-contrast-injection MR imaging protocol combined with a 3D automated segmentation analysis pipeline was used to assess BBB disruption in white matter lesions on the basis of quantitative perfusion measures including the volume transfer constant (dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging), the BBB leakage parameter (DSC), and MTT (DSC). This protocol was able to detect early pathologic changes in otherwise healthy individuals.

cSVD
:   cerebrovascular small-vessel disease
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
Gd
:   gadolinium
K2
:   BBB leakage parameter
K trans
:   volume transfer constant
WML
:   white matter lesion" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.E. Dewey" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Xu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Knutsson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Jog" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.L. Prince" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.B. Barker" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.C.M. van Zijl" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Leigh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Nyquist" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-06-03" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="MTT and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption within Asymptomatic Vascular WM Lesions" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;White matter lesions of presumed ischemic origin are associated with progressive cognitive impairment and impaired BBB function. Studying the longitudinal effects of white matter lesion biomarkers that measure changes in perfusion and BBB patency within white matter lesions is required for long-term studies of lesion progression. We studied perfusion and BBB disruption within white matter lesions in asymptomatic subjects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anatomic imaging was followed by consecutive dynamic contrast-enhanced and DSC imaging. White matter lesions in 21 asymptomatic individuals were determined using a Subject-Specific Sparse Dictionary Learning algorithm with manual correction. Perfusion-related parameters including CBF, MTT, the BBB leakage parameter, and volume transfer constant were determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MTT was significantly prolonged (7.88 [SD, 1.03] seconds) within white matter lesions compared with normal-appearing white (7.29 [SD, 1.14] seconds) and gray matter (6.67 [SD, 1.35] seconds). The volume transfer constant, measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, was significantly elevated (0.013 [SD, 0.017] minutes&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) in white matter lesions compared with normal-appearing white matter (0.007 [SD, 0.011]  minutes&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). BBB disruption within white matter lesions was detected relative to normal white and gray matter using the DSC-BBB leakage parameter method so that increasing BBB disruption correlated with increasing white matter lesion volume (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.44; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .046).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A dual-contrast-injection MR imaging protocol combined with a 3D automated segmentation analysis pipeline was used to assess BBB disruption in white matter lesions on the basis of quantitative perfusion measures including the volume transfer constant (dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging), the BBB leakage parameter (DSC), and MTT (DSC). This protocol was able to detect early pathologic changes in otherwise healthy individuals.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="MTT and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption within Asymptomatic Vascular WM Lesions" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter lesions of presumed ischemic origin are associated with progressive cognitive impairment and impaired BBB function. Studying the longitudinal effects of white matter lesion biomarkers that measure changes in perfusion and BBB patency within white matter lesions is required for long-term studies of lesion progression. We studied perfusion and BBB disruption within white matter lesions in asymptomatic subjects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatomic imaging was followed by consecutive dynamic contrast-enhanced and DSC imaging. White matter lesions in 21 asymptomatic individuals were determined using a Subject-Specific Sparse Dictionary Learning algorithm with manual correction. Perfusion-related parameters including CBF, MTT, the BBB leakage parameter, and volume transfer constant were determined.

RESULTS: MTT was significantly prolonged (7.88 [SD, 1.03] seconds) within white matter lesions compared with normal-appearing white (7.29 [SD, 1.14] seconds) and gray matter (6.67 [SD, 1.35] seconds). The volume transfer constant, measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, was significantly elevated (0.013 [SD, 0.017] minutes−1) in white matter lesions compared with normal-appearing white matter (0.007 [SD, 0.011]  minutes−1). BBB disruption within white matter lesions was detected relative to normal white and gray matter using the DSC-BBB leakage parameter method so that increasing BBB disruption correlated with increasing white matter lesion volume (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.44; P &lt; .046).

CONCLUSIONS: A dual-contrast-injection MR imaging protocol combined with a 3D automated segmentation analysis pipeline was used to assess BBB disruption in white matter lesions on the basis of quantitative perfusion measures including the volume transfer constant (dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging), the BBB leakage parameter (DSC), and MTT (DSC). This protocol was able to detect early pathologic changes in otherwise healthy individuals.

cSVD
:   cerebrovascular small-vessel disease
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
Gd
:   gadolinium
K2
:   BBB leakage parameter
K trans
:   volume transfer constant
WML
:   white matter lesion" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="MTT and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption within Asymptomatic Vascular WM Lesions" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2021/06/03/ajnr.A7165" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter lesions of presumed ischemic origin are associated with progressive cognitive impairment and impaired BBB function. Studying the longitudinal effects of white matter lesion biomarkers that measure changes in perfusion and BBB patency within white matter lesions is required for long-term studies of lesion progression. We studied perfusion and BBB disruption within white matter lesions in asymptomatic subjects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatomic imaging was followed by consecutive dynamic contrast-enhanced and DSC imaging. White matter lesions in 21 asymptomatic individuals were determined using a Subject-Specific Sparse Dictionary Learning algorithm with manual correction. Perfusion-related parameters including CBF, MTT, the BBB leakage parameter, and volume transfer constant were determined.

RESULTS: MTT was significantly prolonged (7.88 [SD, 1.03] seconds) within white matter lesions compared with normal-appearing white (7.29 [SD, 1.14] seconds) and gray matter (6.67 [SD, 1.35] seconds). The volume transfer constant, measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, was significantly elevated (0.013 [SD, 0.017] minutes−1) in white matter lesions compared with normal-appearing white matter (0.007 [SD, 0.011]  minutes−1). BBB disruption within white matter lesions was detected relative to normal white and gray matter using the DSC-BBB leakage parameter method so that increasing BBB disruption correlated with increasing white matter lesion volume (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.44; P &lt; .046).

CONCLUSIONS: A dual-contrast-injection MR imaging protocol combined with a 3D automated segmentation analysis pipeline was used to assess BBB disruption in white matter lesions on the basis of quantitative perfusion measures including the volume transfer constant (dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging), the BBB leakage parameter (DSC), and MTT (DSC). This protocol was able to detect early pathologic changes in otherwise healthy individuals.

cSVD
:   cerebrovascular small-vessel disease
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
Gd
:   gadolinium
K2
:   BBB leakage parameter
K trans
:   volume transfer constant
WML
:   white matter lesion" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node91542--5" data-node-nid="91542" id="top-node-91542--6677226535" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A7165v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7165" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2021/06/03/ajnr.A7165.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">MTT and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption within Asymptomatic Vascular WM Lesions</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">B.E. Dewey</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">X. Xu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">L. Knutsson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A. Jog</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J.L. Prince</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">P.B. Barker</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">P.C.M. van Zijl</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">R. Leigh</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">P. Nyquist</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7165 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-91542--6677226535" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.E. Dewey </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering (B.E.D., J.L.P.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (B.E.D., X.X., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.E.%2BDewey%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dewey%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.E.%2BDewey%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4554-5058" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B.E. Dewey</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Xu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (B.E.D., X.X., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Radiology and Radiological Science (X.X., L.K., J.L.P., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Division of MRI Research</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BXu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Xu%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BXu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8293-3776" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. Xu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Knutsson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Radiology and Radiological Science (X.X., L.K., J.L.P., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Division of MRI Research</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Medical Radiation Physics (L.K.), Lund University, Lund, Sweden</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BKnutsson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Knutsson%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BKnutsson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4263-113X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Knutsson</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Jog </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.J.), Harvard University Medical School, Boston Massachusetts</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BJog%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jog%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BJog%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-2934" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Jog</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.L. Prince </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering (B.E.D., J.L.P.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Radiology and Radiological Science (X.X., L.K., J.L.P., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Division of MRI Research</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.L.%2BPrince%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Prince%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.L.%2BPrince%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-0876" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.L. Prince</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.B. Barker </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Radiology and Radiological Science (X.X., L.K., J.L.P., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Division of MRI Research</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (B.E.D., X.X., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.B.%2BBarker%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Barker%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.B.%2BBarker%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-7793" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P.B. Barker</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.C.M. van Zijl </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Radiology and Radiological Science (X.X., L.K., J.L.P., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Division of MRI Research</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging (B.E.D., X.X., P.B.B., P.C.M.v.Z.), Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.C.M.%2Bvan%2BZijl%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=van%20Zijl%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.C.M.%2Bvan%2BZijl%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-1066" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P.C.M. van Zijl</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Leigh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Neurology (R.L., P.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BLeigh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Leigh%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BLeigh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-1815" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Leigh</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Nyquist </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Neurology (R.L., P.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BNyquist%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Nyquist%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BNyquist%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-3543" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-ajnr.A7165v1.1" data-doi="10.1007/s10571-016-0334-7"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Corriveau</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RA</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Bosetti</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">F</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Emr</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">The science of vascular 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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">MTT and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption within Asymptomatic Vascular WM Lesions</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dewey</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Knutsson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jog</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prince</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Barker</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.C.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">van Zijl</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Leigh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nyquist</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7165 </span></div>
  
  
  
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