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<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/early/2021/08/12/ajnr.A7225.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Correlation between 2D and 3D Fetal Brain MRI Biometry and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Fetuses with Suspected Microcephaly and Macrocephaly" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7225" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-08-12" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Definitions of fetal microcephaly and macrocephaly are debatable. A better understanding of their long-term prognoses would help guide parental education and counseling. This study aimed to explore the correlation between 2D and 3D fetal brain MR imaging biometry results and the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This analysis is a historical cohort study. Fetal brain biometry was measured on 2D and 3D MR imaging using a volumetric MR imaging semiautomated algorithm. We measured and assessed the following brain structures: the supratentorial brain volume and cerebellar volume and cerebellar volume/supratentorial brain volume ratio, in addition to commonly used 2D brain MR imaging biometric variables, including occipitofrontal diameter, biparietal diameter, and transcerebellar diameter. Microcephaly was defined as ≤ 3rd percentile; and macrocephaly, as ≥ 97th percentile, corresponding to −2 SDs and +2 SDs. The neurodevelopmental outcome of this study cohort was evaluated using the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Scales, and the measurements were correlated to the Vineland standard scores.

RESULTS: A total of 70 fetuses were included. No significant correlation was observed between the Vineland scores and either the supratentorial brain volume, cerebellar volume, or supratentorial brain volume/cerebellar volume ratio in 3D or 2D MR imaging measurements, after correction for multiple comparisons. No differences were found among fetuses with macrocephaly, normocephaly, or microcephaly regarding the median Vineland standard scores.

CONCLUSIONS: Provided there is normal brain structure on MR imaging, the developmental milestone achievements in early years are unrelated to 2D and 3D fetal brain MR imaging biometry, in the range of measurements depicted in this study.

BPD
:   biparietal diameter
CV
:   cerebellar volume
HC
:   head circumference
IQR
:   interquartile range
OFD
:   occipitofrontal diameter
STV
:   supratentorial brain volume
TCD
:   transcerebellar diameter
US
:   ultrasound" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Fried" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Gafner" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Jeddah" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Gosher" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Hoffman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Ber" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Mayer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Katorza" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-08-12" />
<meta name="article:section" content="PEDIATRICS" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Correlation between 2D and 3D Fetal Brain MRI Biometry and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Fetuses with Suspected Microcephaly and Macrocephaly" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Definitions of fetal microcephaly and macrocephaly are debatable. A better understanding of their long-term prognoses would help guide parental education and counseling. This study aimed to explore the correlation between 2D and 3D fetal brain MR imaging biometry results and the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This analysis is a historical cohort study. Fetal brain biometry was measured on 2D and 3D MR imaging using a volumetric MR imaging semiautomated algorithm. We measured and assessed the following brain structures: the supratentorial brain volume and cerebellar volume and cerebellar volume/supratentorial brain volume ratio, in addition to commonly used 2D brain MR imaging biometric variables, including occipitofrontal diameter, biparietal diameter, and transcerebellar diameter. Microcephaly was defined as ≤ 3rd percentile; and macrocephaly, as ≥ 97th percentile, corresponding to −2 SDs and +2 SDs. The neurodevelopmental outcome of this study cohort was evaluated using the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Scales, and the measurements were correlated to the Vineland standard scores.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A total of 70 fetuses were included. No significant correlation was observed between the Vineland scores and either the supratentorial brain volume, cerebellar volume, or supratentorial brain volume/cerebellar volume ratio in 3D or 2D MR imaging measurements, after correction for multiple comparisons. No differences were found among fetuses with macrocephaly, normocephaly, or microcephaly regarding the median Vineland standard scores.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Provided there is normal brain structure on MR imaging, the developmental milestone achievements in early years are unrelated to 2D and 3D fetal brain MR imaging biometry, in the range of measurements depicted in this study.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Correlation between 2D and 3D Fetal Brain MRI Biometry and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Fetuses with Suspected Microcephaly and Macrocephaly" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Definitions of fetal microcephaly and macrocephaly are debatable. A better understanding of their long-term prognoses would help guide parental education and counseling. This study aimed to explore the correlation between 2D and 3D fetal brain MR imaging biometry results and the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This analysis is a historical cohort study. Fetal brain biometry was measured on 2D and 3D MR imaging using a volumetric MR imaging semiautomated algorithm. We measured and assessed the following brain structures: the supratentorial brain volume and cerebellar volume and cerebellar volume/supratentorial brain volume ratio, in addition to commonly used 2D brain MR imaging biometric variables, including occipitofrontal diameter, biparietal diameter, and transcerebellar diameter. Microcephaly was defined as ≤ 3rd percentile; and macrocephaly, as ≥ 97th percentile, corresponding to −2 SDs and +2 SDs. The neurodevelopmental outcome of this study cohort was evaluated using the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Scales, and the measurements were correlated to the Vineland standard scores.

RESULTS: A total of 70 fetuses were included. No significant correlation was observed between the Vineland scores and either the supratentorial brain volume, cerebellar volume, or supratentorial brain volume/cerebellar volume ratio in 3D or 2D MR imaging measurements, after correction for multiple comparisons. No differences were found among fetuses with macrocephaly, normocephaly, or microcephaly regarding the median Vineland standard scores.

CONCLUSIONS: Provided there is normal brain structure on MR imaging, the developmental milestone achievements in early years are unrelated to 2D and 3D fetal brain MR imaging biometry, in the range of measurements depicted in this study.

BPD
:   biparietal diameter
CV
:   cerebellar volume
HC
:   head circumference
IQR
:   interquartile range
OFD
:   occipitofrontal diameter
STV
:   supratentorial brain volume
TCD
:   transcerebellar diameter
US
:   ultrasound" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Correlation between 2D and 3D Fetal Brain MRI Biometry and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Fetuses with Suspected Microcephaly and Macrocephaly" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2021/08/12/ajnr.A7225" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Definitions of fetal microcephaly and macrocephaly are debatable. A better understanding of their long-term prognoses would help guide parental education and counseling. This study aimed to explore the correlation between 2D and 3D fetal brain MR imaging biometry results and the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This analysis is a historical cohort study. Fetal brain biometry was measured on 2D and 3D MR imaging using a volumetric MR imaging semiautomated algorithm. We measured and assessed the following brain structures: the supratentorial brain volume and cerebellar volume and cerebellar volume/supratentorial brain volume ratio, in addition to commonly used 2D brain MR imaging biometric variables, including occipitofrontal diameter, biparietal diameter, and transcerebellar diameter. Microcephaly was defined as ≤ 3rd percentile; and macrocephaly, as ≥ 97th percentile, corresponding to −2 SDs and +2 SDs. The neurodevelopmental outcome of this study cohort was evaluated using the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Scales, and the measurements were correlated to the Vineland standard scores.

RESULTS: A total of 70 fetuses were included. No significant correlation was observed between the Vineland scores and either the supratentorial brain volume, cerebellar volume, or supratentorial brain volume/cerebellar volume ratio in 3D or 2D MR imaging measurements, after correction for multiple comparisons. No differences were found among fetuses with macrocephaly, normocephaly, or microcephaly regarding the median Vineland standard scores.

CONCLUSIONS: Provided there is normal brain structure on MR imaging, the developmental milestone achievements in early years are unrelated to 2D and 3D fetal brain MR imaging biometry, in the range of measurements depicted in this study.

BPD
:   biparietal diameter
CV
:   cerebellar volume
HC
:   head circumference
IQR
:   interquartile range
OFD
:   occipitofrontal diameter
STV
:   supratentorial brain volume
TCD
:   transcerebellar diameter
US
:   ultrasound" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S. Fried</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">M. Gafner</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">D. Jeddah</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">N. Gosher</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">D. Hoffman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">R. Ber</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">A. Mayer</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">E. Katorza</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7225 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-92618--6143267788" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Fried </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Sackler School of Medicine (S.F., M.G., D.J., D.H., R.B., A.M., E.K.), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.F., E.K.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BFried%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fried%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BFried%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-222X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Fried</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Gafner </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Sackler School of Medicine (S.F., M.G., D.J., D.H., R.B., A.M., E.K.), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Pediatrics B (M.G.), Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BGafner%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gafner%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BGafner%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-7334" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Gafner</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Jeddah </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Sackler School of Medicine (S.F., M.G., D.J., D.H., R.B., A.M., E.K.), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BJeddah%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jeddah%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BJeddah%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-3675" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Jeddah</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. Gosher </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Hadassah Medical School (N.G.), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BGosher%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gosher%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BGosher%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9638-1829" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for N. 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Hoffman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Sackler School of Medicine (S.F., M.G., D.J., D.H., R.B., A.M., E.K.), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BHoffman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hoffman%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BHoffman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-2938" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. 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Ber </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Sackler School of Medicine (S.F., M.G., D.J., D.H., R.B., A.M., E.K.), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BBer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ber%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BBer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3203-0717" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Ber</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Mayer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Sackler School of Medicine (S.F., M.G., D.J., D.H., R.B., A.M., E.K.), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Diagnostic Radiology (A.M.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BMayer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mayer%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BMayer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-1764" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Mayer</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Katorza </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Sackler School of Medicine (S.F., M.G., D.J., D.H., R.B., A.M., E.K.), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.F., E.K.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BKatorza%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Katorza%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BKatorza%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-7421" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-ajnr.A7225v1.1" data-doi="10.1016/0002-9378(89)90381-5"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">DeRosa</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Lenke</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RR</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Kurczynski</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">TW</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">In utero diagnosis of benign fetal macrocephaly</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Am J Obstet Gynecol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1989</span>;<span class="cit-vol">161</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">690</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">92</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1016/0002-9378(89)90381-5</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>2675601</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/0002-9378(89)90381-5&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=2675601&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2Fearly%2F2021%2F08%2F12%2Fajnr.A7225.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">2.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-2-1" title="View reference 2. in text" id="ref-2">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-ajnr.A7225v1.2" data-doi="10.1016/0002-9378(84)90027-9"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Chervenak</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">FA</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Jeanty</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">P</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Cantraine</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">F</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">The diagnosis of fetal microcephaly</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Am J Obstet Gynecol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1984</span>;<span class="cit-vol">149</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">512</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">57</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1016/0002-9378(84)90027-9</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>6742021</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/0002-9378(84)90027-9&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=6742021&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2Fearly%2F2021%2F08%2F12%2Fajnr.A7225.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">3.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-3-1" title="View reference 3. in text" id="ref-3">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-ajnr.A7225v1.3" data-doi="10.1136/adc.54.7.512"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Day</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RE</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Schutt</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">WH</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Normal children with large heads: benign familial megalencephaly</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Arch Dis Child</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1979</span>;<span class="cit-vol">54</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">512</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">17</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1136/adc.54.7.512</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span 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