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<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/early/2021/09/23/ajnr.A7286.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Mapping Human Fetal Brain Maturation In Vivo Using Quantitative MRI" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7286" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-09-23" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: On the basis of a single multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisition, SyMRI generates a variety of quantitative image data that can characterize tissue-specific properties. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of SyMRI for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of fetal brain maturation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 52 fetuses, multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisitions were available. SyMRI was used to perform multidynamic multiecho–based postprocessing. Fetal brain maturity was scored qualitatively on the basis of SyMRI-generated MR imaging data. The results were compared with conventionally acquired T1-weighted/T2-weighted contrasts as a standard of reference. Myelin-related changes in T1-/T2-relaxation time/relaxation rate, proton density, and MR imaging signal intensity of the developing fetal brain stem were measured. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between the following: 1) the gestational age at MR imaging and the fetal brain maturity score, and 2) the gestational age at MR imaging and the quantitative measurements.

RESULTS: SyMRI provided images of sufficient quality in 12/52 (23.08%) (range, 23 + 6–34 + 0) fetal multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisitions. The fetal brain maturity score positively correlated with gestational age at MR imaging (SyMRI: r  =   0.915, P  &lt; .001/standard of reference: r  =   0.966, P  &lt; .001). Myelination-related changes in the T2 relaxation time/T2 relaxation rate of the medulla oblongata significantly correlated with gestational age at MR imaging (T2-relaxation time: r = –0.739, P  = .006/T2-relaxation rate: r  =   0.790, P  = .002).

CONCLUSIONS: Fetal motion limits the applicability of multidynamic multiecho–based postprocessing. However, SyMRI-generated image data of sufficient quality enable the qualitative assessment of maturity-related changes of the fetal brain. In addition, quantitative T2 relaxation time/T2 relaxation rate mapping characterizes myelin-related changes of the brain stem prenatally. This approach, if successful, opens novel possibilities for the evaluation of structural and biochemical aspects of fetal brain maturation.

GA
:   gestational age
MDME
:   multidynamic multiecho
PD
:   proton density
R1
:   T1-relaxation rate
R2
:   T2-relaxation rate
SI
:   signal intensity
T1R
:   T1-relaxation time
T2R
:   T2-relaxation time" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V.U. Schmidbauer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G.O. Dovjak" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.S. Yildirim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Mayr-Geisl" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Weber" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.C. Diogo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G.M. Gruber" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Prayer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.-I. Milos" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Stuempflen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Ulm" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Binder" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Bettelheim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Kiss" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Prayer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Kasprian" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-09-23" />
<meta name="article:section" content="PEDIATRICS" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Mapping Human Fetal Brain Maturation In Vivo Using Quantitative MRI" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On the basis of a single multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisition, SyMRI generates a variety of quantitative image data that can characterize tissue-specific properties. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of SyMRI for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of fetal brain maturation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 52 fetuses, multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisitions were available. SyMRI was used to perform multidynamic multiecho–based postprocessing. Fetal brain maturity was scored qualitatively on the basis of SyMRI-generated MR imaging data. The results were compared with conventionally acquired T1-weighted/T2-weighted contrasts as a standard of reference. Myelin-related changes in T1-/T2-relaxation time/relaxation rate, proton density, and MR imaging signal intensity of the developing fetal brain stem were measured. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between the following: 1) the gestational age at MR imaging and the fetal brain maturity score, and 2) the gestational age at MR imaging and the quantitative measurements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SyMRI provided images of sufficient quality in 12/52 (23.08%) (range, 23 + 6–34 + 0) fetal multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisitions. The fetal brain maturity score positively correlated with gestational age at MR imaging (SyMRI: &lt;i&gt;r &lt;/i&gt;=&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;0.915, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .001/standard of reference: &lt;i&gt;r &lt;/i&gt;=&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;0.966, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .001). Myelination-related changes in the T2 relaxation time/T2 relaxation rate of the medulla oblongata significantly correlated with gestational age at MR imaging (T2-relaxation time: &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = –0.739, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;= .006/T2-relaxation rate: &lt;i&gt;r &lt;/i&gt;=&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;0.790, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;= .002).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fetal motion limits the applicability of multidynamic multiecho–based postprocessing. However, SyMRI-generated image data of sufficient quality enable the qualitative assessment of maturity-related changes of the fetal brain. In addition, quantitative T2 relaxation time/T2 relaxation rate mapping characterizes myelin-related changes of the brain stem prenatally. This approach, if successful, opens novel possibilities for the evaluation of structural and biochemical aspects of fetal brain maturation.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/09/23" />
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<meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="V.U. Schmidbauer" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Mapping Human Fetal Brain Maturation In Vivo Using Quantitative MRI" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: On the basis of a single multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisition, SyMRI generates a variety of quantitative image data that can characterize tissue-specific properties. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of SyMRI for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of fetal brain maturation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 52 fetuses, multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisitions were available. SyMRI was used to perform multidynamic multiecho–based postprocessing. Fetal brain maturity was scored qualitatively on the basis of SyMRI-generated MR imaging data. The results were compared with conventionally acquired T1-weighted/T2-weighted contrasts as a standard of reference. Myelin-related changes in T1-/T2-relaxation time/relaxation rate, proton density, and MR imaging signal intensity of the developing fetal brain stem were measured. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between the following: 1) the gestational age at MR imaging and the fetal brain maturity score, and 2) the gestational age at MR imaging and the quantitative measurements.

RESULTS: SyMRI provided images of sufficient quality in 12/52 (23.08%) (range, 23 + 6–34 + 0) fetal multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisitions. The fetal brain maturity score positively correlated with gestational age at MR imaging (SyMRI: r  =   0.915, P  &lt; .001/standard of reference: r  =   0.966, P  &lt; .001). Myelination-related changes in the T2 relaxation time/T2 relaxation rate of the medulla oblongata significantly correlated with gestational age at MR imaging (T2-relaxation time: r = –0.739, P  = .006/T2-relaxation rate: r  =   0.790, P  = .002).

CONCLUSIONS: Fetal motion limits the applicability of multidynamic multiecho–based postprocessing. However, SyMRI-generated image data of sufficient quality enable the qualitative assessment of maturity-related changes of the fetal brain. In addition, quantitative T2 relaxation time/T2 relaxation rate mapping characterizes myelin-related changes of the brain stem prenatally. This approach, if successful, opens novel possibilities for the evaluation of structural and biochemical aspects of fetal brain maturation.

GA
:   gestational age
MDME
:   multidynamic multiecho
PD
:   proton density
R1
:   T1-relaxation rate
R2
:   T2-relaxation rate
SI
:   signal intensity
T1R
:   T1-relaxation time
T2R
:   T2-relaxation time" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Mapping Human Fetal Brain Maturation In Vivo Using Quantitative MRI" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2021/09/23/ajnr.A7286" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: On the basis of a single multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisition, SyMRI generates a variety of quantitative image data that can characterize tissue-specific properties. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of SyMRI for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of fetal brain maturation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 52 fetuses, multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisitions were available. SyMRI was used to perform multidynamic multiecho–based postprocessing. Fetal brain maturity was scored qualitatively on the basis of SyMRI-generated MR imaging data. The results were compared with conventionally acquired T1-weighted/T2-weighted contrasts as a standard of reference. Myelin-related changes in T1-/T2-relaxation time/relaxation rate, proton density, and MR imaging signal intensity of the developing fetal brain stem were measured. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between the following: 1) the gestational age at MR imaging and the fetal brain maturity score, and 2) the gestational age at MR imaging and the quantitative measurements.

RESULTS: SyMRI provided images of sufficient quality in 12/52 (23.08%) (range, 23 + 6–34 + 0) fetal multidynamic multiecho sequence acquisitions. The fetal brain maturity score positively correlated with gestational age at MR imaging (SyMRI: r  =   0.915, P  &lt; .001/standard of reference: r  =   0.966, P  &lt; .001). Myelination-related changes in the T2 relaxation time/T2 relaxation rate of the medulla oblongata significantly correlated with gestational age at MR imaging (T2-relaxation time: r = –0.739, P  = .006/T2-relaxation rate: r  =   0.790, P  = .002).

CONCLUSIONS: Fetal motion limits the applicability of multidynamic multiecho–based postprocessing. However, SyMRI-generated image data of sufficient quality enable the qualitative assessment of maturity-related changes of the fetal brain. In addition, quantitative T2 relaxation time/T2 relaxation rate mapping characterizes myelin-related changes of the brain stem prenatally. This approach, if successful, opens novel possibilities for the evaluation of structural and biochemical aspects of fetal brain maturation.

GA
:   gestational age
MDME
:   multidynamic multiecho
PD
:   proton density
R1
:   T1-relaxation rate
R2
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node93496--5" data-node-nid="93496" id="top-node-93496--61699765643" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A7286v2" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7286" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2021/09/23/ajnr.A7286.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">PEDIATRICS</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="ajnr;ajnr.A7286" data-atom-uri="/ajnr/early/2021/09/23/ajnr.A7286.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Mapping Human Fetal Brain Maturation In Vivo Using Quantitative MRI</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">V.U. Schmidbauer</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">G.O. Dovjak</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M.S. Yildirim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">G. Mayr-Geisl</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">M. Weber</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M.C. Diogo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">G.M. Gruber</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">F. Prayer</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">R.-I. Milos</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">M. Stuempflen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">B. Ulm</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">J. Binder</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">D. Bettelheim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">H. Kiss</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">D. Prayer</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">G. Kasprian</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">September 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7286 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-93496--61699765643" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V.U. Schmidbauer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.U.%2BSchmidbauer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Schmidbauer%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.U.%2BSchmidbauer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-1436" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V.U. Schmidbauer</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G.O. Dovjak </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.O.%2BDovjak%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dovjak%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.O.%2BDovjak%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-3466" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G.O. Dovjak</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.S. Yildirim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.S.%2BYildirim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yildirim%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.S.%2BYildirim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-7277" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.S. Yildirim</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Mayr-Geisl </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurosurgery (G.M.-G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BMayr-Geisl%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mayr-Geisl%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BMayr-Geisl%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-5410" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G. Mayr-Geisl</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Weber </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BWeber%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Weber%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BWeber%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-2219" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Weber</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.C. Diogo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.C.%2BDiogo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Diogo%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.C.%2BDiogo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-910X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.C. Diogo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G.M. Gruber </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics (G.M.G.), Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.M.%2BGruber%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gruber%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.M.%2BGruber%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-0788" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G.M. Gruber</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Prayer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BPrayer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Prayer%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BPrayer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-8657" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Prayer</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.-I. Milos </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.-I.%2BMilos%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Milos%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.-I.%2BMilos%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-5606" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.-I. Milos</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Stuempflen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BStuempflen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Stuempflen%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BStuempflen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-9422" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Stuempflen</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Ulm </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.U., J.B., D.B., H.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BUlm%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ulm%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BUlm%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-6213" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B. Ulm</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Binder </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.U., J.B., D.B., H.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BBinder%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Binder%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BBinder%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-9270" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Binder</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Bettelheim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.U., J.B., D.B., H.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BBettelheim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bettelheim%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BBettelheim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-2432" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Bettelheim</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Kiss </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.U., J.B., D.B., H.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BKiss%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kiss%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BKiss%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0712-5282" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for H. Kiss</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Prayer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (V.U.S., G.O.D., M.S.Y., M.W., M.C.D., F.P., R.-I.M., M.S., D.P. G.K)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BPrayer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Prayer%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BPrayer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-2356" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.U.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schmidbauer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dovjak</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yildirim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mayr-Geisl</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Diogo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gruber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prayer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.-I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Milos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stuempflen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ulm</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Binder</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bettelheim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kiss</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prayer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kasprian</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7286 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Mapping Human Fetal Brain Maturation In Vivo Using Quantitative MRI</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.U.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schmidbauer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dovjak</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yildirim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mayr-Geisl</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Diogo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gruber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prayer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.-I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Milos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stuempflen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ulm</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Binder</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bettelheim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kiss</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prayer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kasprian</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7286 </span></div>
  
  
  
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