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<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/early/2022/01/20/ajnr.A7393.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Pretreatment Normal WM Magnetization Transfer Ratio Predicts Risk of Radiation Necrosis in Patients with Medulloblastoma" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7393" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2022-01-20" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2022 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation necrosis, for which abnormal WM enhancement is a hallmark, is an uncommon complication of craniospinal irradiation in children with medulloblastoma. The magnetization transfer ratio measures macromolecular content, dominated by myelin in the WM. We investigated whether the pretreatment supratentorial (nonsurgical) WM magnetization transfer ratio could predict patients at risk for radiation necrosis after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five eligible patients with medulloblastoma (41% female; mean age, 11.0 [SD, 5.4]  years) had baseline balanced steady-state free precession MR imaging before proton or photon radiation therapy. Associations among baseline supratentorial magnetization transfer ratio, radiation necrosis (spontaneously resolving/improving parenchymal enhancement within the radiation field)[3][1], age, and the presence of visible brain metastases were explored by logistic regression and parametric/nonparametric techniques as appropriate.

RESULTS: Twenty-three of 95 (24.2%) children (44% female; mean age, 10.7 [SD, 6.7] years) developed radiation necrosis after radiation therapy (19 infratentorial, 1 supratentorial, 3 both). The mean pretreatment supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio was significantly lower in these children (43.18 versus 43.50, P  = .03). There was no association between the supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio and age, sex, risk/treatment stratum, or the presence of visible brain metastases.

CONCLUSIONS: A lower baseline supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio may indicate underlying structural WM susceptibility to radiation necrosis and may identify children at risk for developing radiation necrosis after craniospinal irradiation for medulloblastoma.

bSSFP
:   balanced steady-state free precession
CTCAE
:   Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
M
:   non-MT-sensitized
MMT
:   MT-sensitized
MT
:   magnetization transfer
MTR
:   magnetization transfer ratio
PFS
:   posterior fossa syndrome
RN
:   radiation necrosis
RT
:   radiation therapy
ST
:   supratentorial

 [1]: #ref-3" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.H. Harreld" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Zou" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N.D. Sabin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Edwards" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Han" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="O. Bieri" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.B. Khan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Gajjar" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Robinson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.E. Merchant" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2022-01-20" />
<meta name="article:section" content="PEDIATRICS" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Pretreatment Normal WM Magnetization Transfer Ratio Predicts Risk of Radiation Necrosis in Patients with Medulloblastoma" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Radiation necrosis, for which abnormal WM enhancement is a hallmark, is an uncommon complication of craniospinal irradiation in children with medulloblastoma. The magnetization transfer ratio measures macromolecular content, dominated by myelin in the WM. We investigated whether the pretreatment supratentorial (nonsurgical) WM magnetization transfer ratio could predict patients at risk for radiation necrosis after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ninety-five eligible patients with medulloblastoma (41% female; mean age, 11.0 [SD, 5.4]  years) had baseline balanced steady-state free precession MR imaging before proton or photon radiation therapy. Associations among baseline supratentorial magnetization transfer ratio, radiation necrosis (spontaneously resolving/improving parenchymal enhancement within the radiation field)&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, age, and the presence of visible brain metastases were explored by logistic regression and parametric/nonparametric techniques as appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twenty-three of 95 (24.2%) children (44% female; mean age, 10.7 [SD, 6.7] years) developed radiation necrosis after radiation therapy (19 infratentorial, 1 supratentorial, 3 both). The mean pretreatment supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio was significantly lower in these children (43.18 versus 43.50, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;= .03). There was no association between the supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio and age, sex, risk/treatment stratum, or the presence of visible brain metastases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A lower baseline supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio may indicate underlying structural WM susceptibility to radiation necrosis and may identify children at risk for developing radiation necrosis after craniospinal irradiation for medulloblastoma.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Pretreatment Normal WM Magnetization Transfer Ratio Predicts Risk of Radiation Necrosis in Patients with Medulloblastoma" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation necrosis, for which abnormal WM enhancement is a hallmark, is an uncommon complication of craniospinal irradiation in children with medulloblastoma. The magnetization transfer ratio measures macromolecular content, dominated by myelin in the WM. We investigated whether the pretreatment supratentorial (nonsurgical) WM magnetization transfer ratio could predict patients at risk for radiation necrosis after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five eligible patients with medulloblastoma (41% female; mean age, 11.0 [SD, 5.4]  years) had baseline balanced steady-state free precession MR imaging before proton or photon radiation therapy. Associations among baseline supratentorial magnetization transfer ratio, radiation necrosis (spontaneously resolving/improving parenchymal enhancement within the radiation field)[3][1], age, and the presence of visible brain metastases were explored by logistic regression and parametric/nonparametric techniques as appropriate.

RESULTS: Twenty-three of 95 (24.2%) children (44% female; mean age, 10.7 [SD, 6.7] years) developed radiation necrosis after radiation therapy (19 infratentorial, 1 supratentorial, 3 both). The mean pretreatment supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio was significantly lower in these children (43.18 versus 43.50, P  = .03). There was no association between the supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio and age, sex, risk/treatment stratum, or the presence of visible brain metastases.

CONCLUSIONS: A lower baseline supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio may indicate underlying structural WM susceptibility to radiation necrosis and may identify children at risk for developing radiation necrosis after craniospinal irradiation for medulloblastoma.

bSSFP
:   balanced steady-state free precession
CTCAE
:   Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
M
:   non-MT-sensitized
MMT
:   MT-sensitized
MT
:   magnetization transfer
MTR
:   magnetization transfer ratio
PFS
:   posterior fossa syndrome
RN
:   radiation necrosis
RT
:   radiation therapy
ST
:   supratentorial

 [1]: #ref-3" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Pretreatment Normal WM Magnetization Transfer Ratio Predicts Risk of Radiation Necrosis in Patients with Medulloblastoma" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2022/01/20/ajnr.A7393" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation necrosis, for which abnormal WM enhancement is a hallmark, is an uncommon complication of craniospinal irradiation in children with medulloblastoma. The magnetization transfer ratio measures macromolecular content, dominated by myelin in the WM. We investigated whether the pretreatment supratentorial (nonsurgical) WM magnetization transfer ratio could predict patients at risk for radiation necrosis after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five eligible patients with medulloblastoma (41% female; mean age, 11.0 [SD, 5.4]  years) had baseline balanced steady-state free precession MR imaging before proton or photon radiation therapy. Associations among baseline supratentorial magnetization transfer ratio, radiation necrosis (spontaneously resolving/improving parenchymal enhancement within the radiation field)[3][1], age, and the presence of visible brain metastases were explored by logistic regression and parametric/nonparametric techniques as appropriate.

RESULTS: Twenty-three of 95 (24.2%) children (44% female; mean age, 10.7 [SD, 6.7] years) developed radiation necrosis after radiation therapy (19 infratentorial, 1 supratentorial, 3 both). The mean pretreatment supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio was significantly lower in these children (43.18 versus 43.50, P  = .03). There was no association between the supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio and age, sex, risk/treatment stratum, or the presence of visible brain metastases.

CONCLUSIONS: A lower baseline supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio may indicate underlying structural WM susceptibility to radiation necrosis and may identify children at risk for developing radiation necrosis after craniospinal irradiation for medulloblastoma.

bSSFP
:   balanced steady-state free precession
CTCAE
:   Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
M
:   non-MT-sensitized
MMT
:   MT-sensitized
MT
:   magnetization transfer
MTR
:   magnetization transfer ratio
PFS
:   posterior fossa syndrome
RN
:   radiation necrosis
RT
:   radiation therapy
ST
:   supratentorial

 [1]: #ref-3" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node95380--5" data-node-nid="95380" id="top-node-95380--666199227" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A7393v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7393" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2022/01/20/ajnr.A7393.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J.H. Harreld</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">P. Zou</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">N.D. Sabin</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A. Edwards</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Y. Han</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Y. Li</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">O. Bieri</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">R.B. Khan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">A. Gajjar</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">G. Robinson</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">T.E. Merchant</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2022,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7393 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-95380--666199227" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.H. Harreld </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (J.H.H.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Geisel School of Medicine (J.H.H.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.H.%2BHarreld%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Harreld%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.H.%2BHarreld%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-9373" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.H. Harreld</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Zou </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.Z., N.D.S., A.E.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BZou%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zou%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BZou%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-0001" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. Zou</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N.D. Sabin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.Z., N.D.S., A.E.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.D.%2BSabin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sabin%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.D.%2BSabin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7584-2574" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for N.D. Sabin</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Edwards </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.Z., N.D.S., A.E.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BEdwards%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Edwards%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BEdwards%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-5508" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Edwards</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Han </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Biostatistics (Y.H., Y.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BHan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Han%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BHan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-6854" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Han</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Li </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Biostatistics (Y.H., Y.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-4316" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Li</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">O. Bieri </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>Department of Radiology (O.B.), Division of Radiological Physics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (O.B), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=O.%2BBieri%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bieri%20O&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AO.%2BBieri%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-5495" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for O. Bieri</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.B. Khan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Division of Neurology (R.B.K.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.B.%2BKhan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Khan%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.B.%2BKhan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-7250" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.B. Khan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Gajjar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Pediatrics, and Departments of Neuro-Oncology (A.G., G.R.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BGajjar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gajjar%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BGajjar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5019-0699" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Gajjar</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Robinson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Pediatrics, and Departments of Neuro-Oncology (A.G., G.R.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BRobinson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Robinson%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BRobinson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-9486" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G. Robinson</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.E. Merchant </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Radiation Oncology (T.E.M.), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.E.%2BMerchant%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Merchant%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.E.%2BMerchant%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-6255" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.E. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-ajnr.A7393v1.1" data-doi="10.1200/JCO.2004.03.058"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Fouladi</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Chintagumpala</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Laningham</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">FH</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">White matter 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2022, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7393 </span></div>
  
  
  
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