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<meta name="citation_funding_source" content="citation_funder_id=https://doi.org/10.13039/501100008486;" />
<meta name="type" content="article" />
<meta name="category" content="research-article" />
<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/early/2023/01/25/ajnr.A7756.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Fully Automatic Method for Reliable Spinal Cord Compartment Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7756" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2023-01-26" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2023 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fully automatic quantification methods of spinal cord compartments are needed to study pathologic changes of the spinal cord GM and WM in MS in vivo. We propose a novel method for automatic spinal cord compartment segmentation (SCORE) in patients with MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 24 patients with MS and 24 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were scanned on a 3T MR imaging system, including an averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisition sequence. Three experienced raters manually segmented the spinal cord GM and WM, anterior and posterior horns, gray commissure, and MS lesions. Subsequently, manual segmentations were used to train neural segmentation networks of spinal cord compartments with multidimensional gated recurrent units in a 3-fold cross-validation fashion. Total intracranial volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer.

RESULTS: The intra- and intersession reproducibility of SCORE was high in all spinal cord compartments (eg, mean relative SD of GM and WM: ≤ 3.50% and ≤1.47%, respectively) and was better than manual segmentations (all P  &lt; .001). The accuracy of SCORE compared with manual segmentations was excellent, both in healthy controls and in patients with MS (Dice similarity coefficients of GM and WM: ≥ 0.84 and ≥0.92, respectively). Patients with MS had lower total WM areas ( P  &lt; .05), and total anterior horn areas ( P  &lt; .01 respectively), as measured with SCORE.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a novel, reliable quantification method for spinal cord tissue segmentation in healthy controls and patients with MS and other neurologic disorders affecting the spinal cord. Patients with MS have reduced areas in specific spinal cord tissue compartments, which may be used as MS biomarkers.

AMIRA
:   averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions
bSSFP
:   balanced steady-state free precession
DSC
:   Dice similarity coefficient
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy control
HD
:   Hausdorff distance
MDGRU
:   multidimensional gated recurrent units
RSD
:   relative SD (also known as coefficient of variation)
SC
:   spinal cord
SCWM
:   spinal cord WM
SCGM
:   spinal cord GM
SCORE
:   automatic spinal cord compartment segmentation
TIV
:   total intracranial volume" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Tsagkas" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Horvath-Huck" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Haas" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Amann" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Todea" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Altermatt" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Müller" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Cagol" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Leimbacher" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Barakovic" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Weigel" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Pezold" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Sprenger" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Kappos" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="O. Bieri" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Granziera" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Cattin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Parmar" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2023-01-26" />
<meta name="article:section" content="SPINE" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Fully Automatic Method for Reliable Spinal Cord Compartment Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fully automatic quantification methods of spinal cord compartments are needed to study pathologic changes of the spinal cord GM and WM in MS in vivo. We propose a novel method for automatic spinal cord compartment segmentation (SCORE) in patients with MS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cervical spinal cords of 24 patients with MS and 24 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were scanned on a 3T MR imaging system, including an averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisition sequence. Three experienced raters manually segmented the spinal cord GM and WM, anterior and posterior horns, gray commissure, and MS lesions. Subsequently, manual segmentations were used to train neural segmentation networks of spinal cord compartments with multidimensional gated recurrent units in a 3-fold cross-validation fashion. Total intracranial volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The intra- and intersession reproducibility of SCORE was high in all spinal cord compartments (eg, mean relative SD of GM and WM: ≤ 3.50% and ≤1.47%, respectively) and was better than manual segmentations (all &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .001). The accuracy of SCORE compared with manual segmentations was excellent, both in healthy controls and in patients with MS (Dice similarity coefficients of GM and WM: ≥ 0.84 and ≥0.92, respectively). Patients with MS had lower total WM areas (&lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .05), and total anterior horn areas (&lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt; .01 respectively), as measured with SCORE.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate a novel, reliable quantification method for spinal cord tissue segmentation in healthy controls and patients with MS and other neurologic disorders affecting the spinal cord. Patients with MS have reduced areas in specific spinal cord tissue compartments, which may be used as MS biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Fully Automatic Method for Reliable Spinal Cord Compartment Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fully automatic quantification methods of spinal cord compartments are needed to study pathologic changes of the spinal cord GM and WM in MS in vivo. We propose a novel method for automatic spinal cord compartment segmentation (SCORE) in patients with MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 24 patients with MS and 24 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were scanned on a 3T MR imaging system, including an averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisition sequence. Three experienced raters manually segmented the spinal cord GM and WM, anterior and posterior horns, gray commissure, and MS lesions. Subsequently, manual segmentations were used to train neural segmentation networks of spinal cord compartments with multidimensional gated recurrent units in a 3-fold cross-validation fashion. Total intracranial volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer.

RESULTS: The intra- and intersession reproducibility of SCORE was high in all spinal cord compartments (eg, mean relative SD of GM and WM: ≤ 3.50% and ≤1.47%, respectively) and was better than manual segmentations (all P  &lt; .001). The accuracy of SCORE compared with manual segmentations was excellent, both in healthy controls and in patients with MS (Dice similarity coefficients of GM and WM: ≥ 0.84 and ≥0.92, respectively). Patients with MS had lower total WM areas ( P  &lt; .05), and total anterior horn areas ( P  &lt; .01 respectively), as measured with SCORE.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a novel, reliable quantification method for spinal cord tissue segmentation in healthy controls and patients with MS and other neurologic disorders affecting the spinal cord. Patients with MS have reduced areas in specific spinal cord tissue compartments, which may be used as MS biomarkers.

AMIRA
:   averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions
bSSFP
:   balanced steady-state free precession
DSC
:   Dice similarity coefficient
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy control
HD
:   Hausdorff distance
MDGRU
:   multidimensional gated recurrent units
RSD
:   relative SD (also known as coefficient of variation)
SC
:   spinal cord
SCWM
:   spinal cord WM
SCGM
:   spinal cord GM
SCORE
:   automatic spinal cord compartment segmentation
TIV
:   total intracranial volume" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Fully Automatic Method for Reliable Spinal Cord Compartment Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2023/01/25/ajnr.A7756" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fully automatic quantification methods of spinal cord compartments are needed to study pathologic changes of the spinal cord GM and WM in MS in vivo. We propose a novel method for automatic spinal cord compartment segmentation (SCORE) in patients with MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 24 patients with MS and 24 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were scanned on a 3T MR imaging system, including an averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisition sequence. Three experienced raters manually segmented the spinal cord GM and WM, anterior and posterior horns, gray commissure, and MS lesions. Subsequently, manual segmentations were used to train neural segmentation networks of spinal cord compartments with multidimensional gated recurrent units in a 3-fold cross-validation fashion. Total intracranial volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer.

RESULTS: The intra- and intersession reproducibility of SCORE was high in all spinal cord compartments (eg, mean relative SD of GM and WM: ≤ 3.50% and ≤1.47%, respectively) and was better than manual segmentations (all P  &lt; .001). The accuracy of SCORE compared with manual segmentations was excellent, both in healthy controls and in patients with MS (Dice similarity coefficients of GM and WM: ≥ 0.84 and ≥0.92, respectively). Patients with MS had lower total WM areas ( P  &lt; .05), and total anterior horn areas ( P  &lt; .01 respectively), as measured with SCORE.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a novel, reliable quantification method for spinal cord tissue segmentation in healthy controls and patients with MS and other neurologic disorders affecting the spinal cord. Patients with MS have reduced areas in specific spinal cord tissue compartments, which may be used as MS biomarkers.

AMIRA
:   averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions
bSSFP
:   balanced steady-state free precession
DSC
:   Dice similarity coefficient
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy control
HD
:   Hausdorff distance
MDGRU
:   multidimensional gated recurrent units
RSD
:   relative SD (also known as coefficient of variation)
SC
:   spinal cord
SCWM
:   spinal cord WM
SCGM
:   spinal cord GM
SCORE
:   automatic spinal cord compartment segmentation
TIV
:   total intracranial volume" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node100914--7" data-node-nid="100914" id="top-node-100914--81251907755" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A7756v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7756" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2023/01/25/ajnr.A7756.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">SPINE</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Fully Automatic Method for Reliable Spinal Cord Compartment Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">C. Tsagkas</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A. Horvath-Huck</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">T. Haas</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">M. Amann</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">A. Todea</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">A. Altermatt</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">J. Müller</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">A. Cagol</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">M. Leimbacher</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">M. Barakovic</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">M. Weigel</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">S. Pezold</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">T. Sprenger</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">L. Kappos</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">O. Bieri</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">C. Granziera</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16">P. Cattin</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17">K. Parmar</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2023,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7756 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-100914--81251907755" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Tsagkas </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BTsagkas%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tsagkas%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BTsagkas%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-6316" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Tsagkas</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Horvath-Huck </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BHorvath-Huck%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Horvath-Huck%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BHorvath-Huck%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7049" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Horvath-Huck</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T. Haas </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Division of Radiological Physics (T.H., M.W., O.B.), Department of Radiology</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.%2BHaas%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Haas%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.%2BHaas%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-3378" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T. Haas</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Amann </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Medical Image Analysis Center AG (M.A., A.A.), Basel, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BAmann%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Amann%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BAmann%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-4083" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Amann</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Todea </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Neuroradiology (A.T.), Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BTodea%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Todea%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BTodea%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4650-8312" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Todea</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Altermatt </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Medical Image Analysis Center AG (M.A., A.A.), Basel, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BAltermatt%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Altermatt%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BAltermatt%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-0758" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Altermatt</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Müller </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BM%C3%BCller%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=M%C3%BCller%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BM%25C3%25BCller%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1394-8231" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Müller</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Cagol </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BCagol%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cagol%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BCagol%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-0553" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Cagol</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Leimbacher </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>Medical Faculty (M.L., P.C.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BLeimbacher%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Leimbacher%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BLeimbacher%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-5913" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Leimbacher</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Barakovic </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BBarakovic%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Barakovic%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BBarakovic%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8557-9223" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Barakovic</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Weigel </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Division of Radiological Physics (T.H., M.W., O.B.), Department of Radiology</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BWeigel%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Weigel%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BWeigel%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-1414" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Weigel</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Pezold </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BPezold%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pezold%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BPezold%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-8983" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Pezold</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T. Sprenger </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.%2BSprenger%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sprenger%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.%2BSprenger%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5390-819X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T. Sprenger</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Kappos </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, and Biomedical Imaging, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BKappos%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kappos%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BKappos%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-5509" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Kappos</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">O. Bieri </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Division of Radiological Physics (T.H., M.W., O.B.), Department of Radiology</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=O.%2BBieri%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bieri%20O&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AO.%2BBieri%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-5495" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for O. Bieri</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-15"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Granziera </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BGranziera%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Granziera%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BGranziera%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-8761" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Granziera</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-16"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Cattin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>Medical Faculty (M.L., P.C.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BCattin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cattin%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BCattin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8785-2713" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. Cattin</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-17"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Parmar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>j</span>Reha Rheinfelden (K.P.), Rheinfelden, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BParmar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Parmar%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BParmar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-6238" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K. Parmar</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="contributors"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">C. Tsagkas</span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">A. Horvath-Huck</span><a id="xref-aff-6-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">T. Haas</span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">M. Amann</span><a id="xref-aff-1-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-7-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-7">g</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">A. Todea</span><a id="xref-aff-2-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">d</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-6"><span class="name">A. Altermatt</span><a id="xref-aff-7-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-7">g</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-7"><span class="name">J. Müller</span><a id="xref-aff-1-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-2-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-8"><span class="name">A. Cagol</span><a id="xref-aff-2-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-9"><span class="name">M. Leimbacher</span><a id="xref-aff-8-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-8">h</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-10"><span class="name">M. Barakovic</span><a id="xref-aff-2-5" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-11"><span class="name">M. Weigel</span><a id="xref-aff-1-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-2-6" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-5" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-12"><span class="name">S. Pezold</span><a id="xref-aff-6-6" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-13"><span class="name">T. Sprenger</span><a id="xref-aff-1-5" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-9-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-9">i</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-14"><span class="name">L. Kappos</span><a id="xref-aff-1-6" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-5-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-15"><span class="name">O. Bieri</span><a id="xref-aff-3-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-7" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-16"><span class="name">C. Granziera</span><a id="xref-aff-1-7" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-2-7" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-8" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-17"><span class="name">P. Cattin</span><a id="xref-aff-6-9" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-8-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-8">h</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-18"><span class="name">K. Parmar</span><a id="xref-aff-1-8" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-2-8" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-10-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-10">j</a></li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>a</sup>From the Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine (C.T., M.A., J.M., M.W., T.S., L.K., C.G., K.P.), Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>b</sup>Translational Imaging in Neurology Basel (C.T., A.T., J.M., A.C., M.B., M.W., C.G., K.P.), Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>c</sup>Division of Radiological Physics (T.H., M.W., O.B.), Department of Radiology</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address><sup>d</sup>Department of Neuroradiology (A.T.), Clinic for Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-5" name="aff-5"></a><address><sup>e</sup>Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, and Biomedical Imaging, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-6" name="aff-6"></a><address><sup>f</sup>Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H.-H., M.A., A.C., M.B., M.W., S.P., O.B., C.G., P.C.), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-7" name="aff-7"></a><address><sup>g</sup>Medical Image Analysis Center AG (M.A., A.A.), Basel, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-8" name="aff-8"></a><address><sup>h</sup>Medical Faculty (M.L., P.C.), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-9" name="aff-9"></a><address><sup>i</sup>Department of Neurology (T.S.), DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-10" name="aff-10"></a><address><sup>j</sup>Reha Rheinfelden (K.P.), Rheinfelden, Switzerland</address></li></ol><ol class="corresp-list"><li class="corresp" id="corresp-1">Please address correspondence to Charidimos Tsagkas, MD, MD-PhD, <span class="addr-line">Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland</span>; e-mail: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr">charidimos.tsagkas{at}usb.ch</span></span></li></ol></div></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2023/01/25/ajnr.A7756.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Fully Automatic Method for Reliable Spinal Cord Compartment Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tsagkas</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Horvath-Huck</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Haas</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Amann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Todea</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Altermatt</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Müller</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cagol</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Leimbacher</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Barakovic</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weigel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pezold</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sprenger</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kappos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bieri</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Granziera</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cattin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Parmar</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2023, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7756 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Fully Automatic Method for Reliable Spinal Cord Compartment Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tsagkas</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Horvath-Huck</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Haas</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Amann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Todea</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Altermatt</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Müller</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cagol</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Leimbacher</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Barakovic</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weigel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pezold</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sprenger</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kappos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bieri</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Granziera</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cattin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Parmar</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2023, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7756 </span></div>
  
  
  
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