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    Table of Contents — May 01, 2020, 41 (5) | American Journal of Neuroradiology  
    
















    





















    
  
  




    
    

  

      


    

      

  
  
  

    

  

    

  

                
    

      

  

    

  
      
  
  

    


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Table of Contents
  	
      
May 01, 2020; Volume 41,Issue 5 

  
  
   

  
  



  


  
  



			

		

	
	
 	
	  
  

		
		

			

			  

  
      
  
  

    
Perspectives
  • 
  
  
  
      
    
  
      Perspectives  
    	
    Ajeet Gordhan
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 737; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.P0106 
    
  
  
  

    

Review Articles
  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy for Brain Metastases in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Primer for Radiologists  
    	
    C. Dodson, T.J. Richards, D.A. Smith and N.H. Ramaiya
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 738-750; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6477 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Advanced Multicompartment Diffusion MRI Models and Their Application in Multiple Sclerosis  
    	
    D.A. Lakhani, K.G. Schilling, J. Xu and F. Bagnato
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 751-757; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6484 
    
  
    	
    In this review, the authors provide an appraisal of the current literature on the physics principles, histopathologic validation, and clinical applications of advanced diffusion techniques in both brains and spinal cords of patients with MS (neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion basis spectrum imaging, multicompartment microscopic diffusion MR imaging with the spherical mean technique, and models enabled through high-gradient diffusion MR imaging). They discuss limitations of each of the methods and directions that future research could take to provide additional validation of their roles as biomarkers of axonal and myelin injury in MS.
    
  
  

    

Level 1 EBM Expedited Publication
Research Perspectives
Practice Perspectives
General Contents
  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Direct In Vivo MRI Discrimination of Brain Stem Nuclei and Pathways  
    	
    T.M. Shepherd, B. Ades-Aron, M. Bruno, H.M. Schambra and M.J. Hoch
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 777-784; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6542 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Acetazolamide-Loaded Dynamic 7T MR Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Major Cerebral Artery Steno-Occlusive Disease: Comparison with PET  
    	
    K. Fujimoto, I. Uwano, M. Sasaki, S. Oshida, S. Tsutsui, W. Yanagihara, S. Fujiwara, M. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, K. Yoshida, K. Terasaki and K. Ogasawara
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 785-791; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6508 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Spatial Resolution and the Magnitude of Infarct Volume Measurement Error in DWI in Acute Ischemic Stroke  
    	
    J.M. Ospel, A. Jaffray, V. Schulze-Zachau, S. Kozerke and C. Federau
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 792-797; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6520 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Structural Connectivity and Cortical Thickness Alterations in Transient Global Amnesia  
    	
    J. Hodel, X. Leclerc, M. Zuber, S. Gerber, P. Besson, V. Marcaud, V. Roubeau, H. Brasme, I. Ganzoui, D. Ducreux, J.-P. Pruvo, M. Bertoux, M. Zins and R. Lopes
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 798-803; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6530 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      The Impact of Intracortical Lesions on Volumes of Subcortical Structures in Multiple Sclerosis  
    	
    I. Kalinin, G. Makshakov and E. Evdoshenko
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 804-808; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6513 
    
  
    	
    The authors investigated the impact of intracortical lesions on the volumes of subcortical structures (especially the thalamus) compared with other lesions in 71 patients with MS. The volumes of intracortical lesions and white matter lesions were identified on double inversion recovery and FLAIR imaging, respectively, by using 3D Slicer. Volumes of white matter T1 hypointensities and subcortical gray matter, thalamus, caudate, putamen, and pallidum volumes were calculated using FreeSurfer. They conclude that thalamic atrophy was explained better by intracortical lesions than by white matter lesion and T1 hypointensity volumes, especially in patients with more profound disability.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Aging and the Brain: A Quantitative Study of Clinical CT Images  
    	
    K.A. Cauley, Y. Hu and S.W. Fielden
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 809-814; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6510 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Prognostic Value of Preoperative MRI Metrics for Diffuse Lower-Grade Glioma Molecular Subtypes  
    	
    P. Darvishi, P.P. Batchala, J.T. Patrie, L.M. Poisson, M.-B. Lopes, R. Jain, C.E. Fadul, D. Schiff and S.H. Patel
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 815-821; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6511 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      A Critical Assessment of the Golden Hour and the Impact of Procedural Timing in Stroke Thrombectomy  
    	
    A.P. Wessell, H.D.P. Carvalho, E. Le, G. Cannarsa, M.J. Kole, J.A. Stokum, T. Chryssikos, T.R. Miller, S. Chaturvedi, D. Gandhi, K. Yarbrough, S.R. Satti and G. Jindal
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 822-827; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6556 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBInterventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      Predictors of Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture after Coil Embolization: Single-Center Experience with Recanalized Aneurysms  
    	
    Y. Funakoshi, H. Imamura, S. Tani, H. Adachi, R. Fukumitsu, T. Sunohara, Y. Omura, Y. Matsui, N. Sasaki, T. Fukuda, R. Akiyama, K. Horiuchi, S. Kajiura, M. Shigeyasu, K. Iihara and N. Sakai
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 828-835; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6558 
    
  
    	
    The authors evaluated a total of 426 unruptured aneurysms and 169 ruptured aneurysms that underwent coil embolization in their institution between January 2009 and December 2017. Recanalization occurred in 38 (8.9%) of 426 unruptured aneurysms and 37 (21.9%) of 169 ruptured aneurysms. The Modified Raymond-Roy Classification on DSA was used to categorize the recanalization type. In untreated recanalized aneurysms, class IIIb aneurysms ruptured significantly more frequently than class II and IIIa. In the ruptured group, the median follow-up term was 28.0 months. Retreatment for recanalization was performed in 16 aneurysms. Four of 21 untreated recanalized aneurysms (2.37% of total coiled aneurysms) ruptured. Class IIIb aneurysms ruptured significantly more frequently than class II and IIIa. Coiled aneurysms with class IIIb recanalization should undergo early retreatment because of an increased rupture risk.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Extracranial Vascular 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Signal of Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage on MR T1-Weighted Imaging: Association with Acute Cerebral Infarct  
    	
    D. Yang, Y. Liu, Y. Han, D. Li, W. Wang, R. Li, C. Yuan and X. Zhao
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 836-843; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6498 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Head & Neck 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Distinguishing Recurrent Thyroid Cancer from Residual Nonmalignant Thyroid Tissue Using Multiphasic Multidetector CT  
    	
    J.M. Debnam, N. Guha-Thakurta, J. Sun, W. Wei, M.E. Zafereo, M.E. Cabanillas, N.M. Buisson and D. Schellingerhout
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 844-851; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6519 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Head & Neck 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      MRI Signal Intensity and Electron Ultrastructure Classification Predict the Long-Term Outcome of Skull Base Chordomas  
    	
    J. Bai, J. Shi, S. Zhang, C. Zhang, Y. Zhai, S. Wang, M. Li, C. Li, P. Zhao, S. Geng, S. Gui, L. Jing and Y. Zhang
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 852-858; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6557 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Head & Neck 
    
  
      
    
  
      Inter- and Intrareader Agreement of NI-RADS in the Interpretation of Surveillance Contrast-Enhanced CT after Treatment of Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma  
    	
    F.H.J. Elsholtz, S.-R. Ro, S. Shnayien, C. Erxleben, H.-C. Bauknecht, J. Lenk, L.-A. Schaafs, B. Hamm and S.M. Niehues
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 859-865; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6529 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Tumor Response Assessment in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Comparison of Semiautomated Volumetric, Semiautomated Linear, and Manual Linear Tumor Measurement Strategies  
    	
    L.A. Gilligan, M.D. DeWire-Schottmiller, M. Fouladi, P. DeBlank and J.L. Leach
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 866-873; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6555 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      MR Imaging Correlates for Molecular and Mutational Analyses in Children with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma  
    	
    C. Jaimes, S. Vajapeyam, D. Brown, P.-C. Kao, C. Ma, L. Greenspan, N. Gupta, L. Goumnerova, P. Bandopahayay, F. Dubois, N.F. Greenwald, T. Zack, O. Shapira, R. Beroukhim, K.L. Ligon, S. Chi, M.W. Kieran, K.D. Wright and T.Y. Poussaint
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 874-881; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6546 
    
  
    	
    Initial MRIs from 50 subjects with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas recruited for a prospective clinical trial before treatment were analyzed. Retrospective imaging analyses included FLAIR/T2 tumor volume, tumor volume enhancing, the presence of cyst and/or necrosis, median, mean, mode, skewness, kurtosis of ADC tumor volume based on FLAIR, and enhancement at baseline. Molecular subgroups based on EGFR and MGMT mutations were established. Histone mutations were also determined (H3F3A, HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C). Enhancing tumor volume was near-significantly different across molecular subgroups, after accounting for the false discovery rate. Tumor volume enhancing, median, mode, skewness, and kurtosis ADC T2-FLAIR/T2 were significantly different between patients with H3F3A and HIST1H3B/C mutations.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Synthetic MRI of Preterm Infants at Term-Equivalent Age: Evaluation of Diagnostic Image Quality and Automated Brain Volume Segmentation  
    	
    T. Vanderhasselt, M. Naeyaert, N. Watté, G.-J. Allemeersch, S. Raeymaeckers, J. Dudink, J. de Mey and H. Raeymaekers
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 882-888; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6533 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Disrupted Functional and Structural Connectivity in Angelman Syndrome  
    	
    H.M. Yoon, Y. Jo, W.H. Shim, J.S. Lee, T.S. Ko, J.H. Koo and M.S. Yum
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 889-897; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6531 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Balanced Steady-State Free Precession Techniques Improve Detection of Residual Germ Cell Tumor for Treatment Planning  
    	
    W.A. Mehan, K. Buch, M.F. Brasz, F.F.J. Simonis, S. MacDonald, S. Rincon, J.E. Kirsch and P. Caruso
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 898-903; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6540 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Neuroimaging Findings in Children with Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome  
    	
    A. Kerpel, M. Yalon, M. Soudack, J. Chiang, A. Gajjar, K.E. Nichols, Z. Patay, S. Shrot and C. Hoffmann
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 904-910; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6512 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Utility of Pre-Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Sinus CT Screening in Children and Adolescents  
    	
    J.H. Harreld, R.A. Kaufman, G. Kang, G. Maron, W. Mitchell, J.W. Thompson and A. Srinivasan
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 911-916; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6509 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      The Perirolandic Sign: A Unique Imaging Finding Observed in Association with Polymerase γ-Related Disorders  
    	
    F.G. Gonçalves, B. Hill, Y. Guo, C.C. Muraresku, E. McCormick, C.A.P.F. Alves, S.R. Teixeira, J.S. Martin-Saavedra, Z. Zolkipli-Cunningham, M.J. Falk, A. Vossough, A. Goldstein and G. Zuccoli
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 917-922; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6514 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Cerebellar Watershed Injury in Children  
    	
    J.N. Wright, D.W.W. Shaw, G. Ishak, D. Doherty and F. Perez
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 923-928; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6532 
    
  
    	
    Focal signal abnormalities at the depth of the cerebellar fissures in children have been reported and hypothesized to represent a novel pattern of bottom-of-fissure dysplasia. The authors report a series of 23 patients with a similar distribution and appearance of cerebellar signal abnormality attributable to watershed injury. T2 prolongation was observed at the depths of the cerebellar fissures bilaterally in all 23 patients, centered at the expected location of the deep cerebellar vascular borderzone. Diffusion restriction was associated with MR imaging performed during acute injury in 13/16 patients. Five of 23 patients had prior imaging, all demonstrating a normal cerebellum. The etiology of injury was hypoxic-ischemic injury in 17/23 patients, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 3/23 patients, and indeterminate in 3/23 patients.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICESpine 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Sensitivity of the Inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer Imaging Technique to Spinal Cord Damage in Multiple Sclerosis  
    	
    H. Rasoanandrianina, S. Demortière, A. Trabelsi, J.P. Ranjeva, O. Girard, G. Duhamel, M. Guye, J. Pelletier, B. Audoin and V. Callot
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 929-937; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6554 
    
  
    	
    Anatomic images covering the cervical spinal cord from the C1 to C6 levels and DTI, magnetization transfer/inhomogeneous magnetization transfer images at the C2/C5 levels were acquired in 19 patients with MS and 19 paired healthy controls. Anatomic images were segmented in spinal cord GM and WM, both manually and using the AMU40 atlases. MS lesions were manually delineated. MR imaging metrics were analyzed within normal-appearing and lesion regions in anterolateral and posterolateral WM and compared using Wilcoxon rank tests and z scores. The use of a multiparametric MR imaging protocol combined with an automatic template-based GM/WM segmentation approach in the current study outlined a higher sensitivity of the ihMT technique toward spinal cord pathophysiologic changes in MS compared with atrophy measurements, DTI, and conventional MT. The authors also conclude that the clinical correlations between ihMTR and functional impairment observed in patients with MS also argue for its potential clinical relevance, paving the way for future longitudinal multicentric clinical trials in MS.
    
  
  

    

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    Spine 
    
  
      
    
  
      MR Myelography for the Detection of CSF-Venous Fistulas  
    	
    J.L. Chazen, M.S. Robbins, S.B. Strauss, A.D. Schweitzer and J.P. Greenfield
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 938-940; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6521 
    
  
  
  

    

35 Years Ago in AJNR
  • 
  
  
      
    35 Years Ago in AJNR 
    
  
      
    
  
      Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR  
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) 941; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.P0099 
    
  
  
  

    

Online Features
  • Letters
    • 
  
  
      
      LETTER 
      
  
      
      
  
      Identification of Vortex Cores in Cerebral Aneurysms on 4D Flow MRI  
    	
      S. Meckel, M. Markl and S. Wetzel
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) E26; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6480 
      
  
  
  

      

    • 
  
  
      
      LETTER 
      
  
      
      
  
      Reply:  
    	
      K. Futami, K. Misaki and M. Nakada
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) E27; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6474 
      
  
  
  

      

    • 
  
  
      
      LETTER 
      
  
      
      
  
      ASPECTS Distorts Infarct Volume Measurement  
    	
      R.A. Suss and M.C. Pinho
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) E28; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6485 
      
  
  
  

      

    • 
  
  
      
      LETTER 
      
  
      
      
  
      Reply:  
    	
      K. Nael
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) E29; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6504 
      
  
  
  

      

    • 
  
  
      
      LETTER 
      
  
      
      Open Access
      
  
      How Far Can We Take Vessel Wall MRI for Intracranial Atherosclerosis? The Tissue is Still the Issue  
    	
      M.D. Alexander, A. de Havenon, M. Mossa-Basha and J.S. McNally
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) E30-E31; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6501 
      
  
  
  

      

    • 
  
  
      
      LETTER 
      
  
      
      
  
      Reply:  
    	
      M.H.T. Zwartbol, A.G. van der Kolk and M.I. Geerlings
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) E32; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6516 
      
  
  
  

      

    • 
  
  
      
      LETTER 
      
  
      
      
  
      Time to Discontinue Use of the Term Stroke in Neuroradiology  
    	
      D.A.L. Ortega, A.J. Morillo and S. González-Gómez
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) E33; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6479 
      
  
  
  

      

    • 
  
  
      
      LETTER 
      
  
      
      
  
      Reply:  
    	
      M.A. Aftab
      
  
    	
      American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2020, 41 (5) E34; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6528 
      
  
  
  

      

  


  
  



  
      
  
  

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