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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Neurosonographic abnormalities associated with maternal history of cocaine use in neonates of appropriate size for their gestational age." />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="1994-04-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="PURPOSE To determine whether increased incidence of neurosonographic abnormalities (predominantly of the basal ganglia and thalamus) in cocaine-exposed neonates who are small for their gestational age is attributable to the cocaine or to neonatal size.

METHODS Neonates whose sizes were appropriate for their gestational age with no evidence of hypoxia or respiratory distress were identified prospectively by a maternal history of cocaine use. Scans were performed within 72 hours of birth using a 7.5-MHz transducer following a standard protocol. The images were analyzed without access to patient information. Forty study neonates were compared with 34 control subjects who were appropriate in size for their gestational age, scanned using the same protocol. Comparisons were made using Fisher Exact Test, t test, and logistic regression.

RESULTS No control infant had neurosonographic abnormalities. In the study group, gestational age ranged from 27 to 41 weeks. Of the 40 study neonates, 14 (35%) had one neurosonographic abnormality; two had two abnormalities. The predominant lesion was focal echolucencies, mainly in the area of the basal ganglia (10 of 40, 25%). Other findings were caudate echogenicity (3 of 40, 7.5%), ventricular dilation (2 of 40, 5%) and one &quot;moth-eaten&quot; appearance of the thalamus. Lesions were more likely approaching term and were not related to prematurity or alcohol use.

CONCLUSION Apparently normal neonates with a maternal history of cocaine use are likely to have degenerative changes or focal infarctions in their basal ganglia attributable to cocaine. Neurosonography should be used to evaluate these neonates. The long-term significance of these lesions needs further evaluation." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V S Dogra" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J M Shyken" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P A Menon" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J Poblete" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D Lewis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J S Smeltzer" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="1994-04-01" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Neurosonographic abnormalities associated with maternal history of cocaine use in neonates of appropriate size for their gestational age." />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;PURPOSE&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To determine whether increased incidence of neurosonographic abnormalities (predominantly of the basal ganglia and thalamus) in cocaine-exposed neonates who are small for their gestational age is attributable to the cocaine or to neonatal size.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Neonates whose sizes were appropriate for their gestational age with no evidence of hypoxia or respiratory distress were identified prospectively by a maternal history of cocaine use. Scans were performed within 72 hours of birth using a 7.5-MHz transducer following a standard protocol. The images were analyzed without access to patient information. Forty study neonates were compared with 34 control subjects who were appropriate in size for their gestational age, scanned using the same protocol. Comparisons were made using Fisher Exact Test, t test, and logistic regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No control infant had neurosonographic abnormalities. In the study group, gestational age ranged from 27 to 41 weeks. Of the 40 study neonates, 14 (35%) had one neurosonographic abnormality; two had two abnormalities. The predominant lesion was focal echolucencies, mainly in the area of the basal ganglia (10 of 40, 25%). Other findings were caudate echogenicity (3 of 40, 7.5%), ventricular dilation (2 of 40, 5%) and one &quot;moth-eaten&quot; appearance of the thalamus. Lesions were more likely approaching term and were not related to prematurity or alcohol use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apparently normal neonates with a maternal history of cocaine use are likely to have degenerative changes or focal infarctions in their basal ganglia attributable to cocaine. Neurosonography should be used to evaluate these neonates. The long-term significance of these lesions needs further evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="1994/04/01" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;15/4/697" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="697" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="V S Dogra" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, St Louis Regional Medical Center, MO 63112." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J M Shyken" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, St Louis Regional Medical Center, MO 63112." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P A Menon" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, St Louis Regional Medical Center, MO 63112." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J Poblete" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, St Louis Regional Medical Center, MO 63112." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="D Lewis" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, St Louis Regional Medical Center, MO 63112." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J S Smeltzer" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Neurosonographic abnormalities associated with maternal history of cocaine use in neonates of appropriate size for their gestational age." />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="PURPOSE To determine whether increased incidence of neurosonographic abnormalities (predominantly of the basal ganglia and thalamus) in cocaine-exposed neonates who are small for their gestational age is attributable to the cocaine or to neonatal size.

METHODS Neonates whose sizes were appropriate for their gestational age with no evidence of hypoxia or respiratory distress were identified prospectively by a maternal history of cocaine use. Scans were performed within 72 hours of birth using a 7.5-MHz transducer following a standard protocol. The images were analyzed without access to patient information. Forty study neonates were compared with 34 control subjects who were appropriate in size for their gestational age, scanned using the same protocol. Comparisons were made using Fisher Exact Test, t test, and logistic regression.

RESULTS No control infant had neurosonographic abnormalities. In the study group, gestational age ranged from 27 to 41 weeks. Of the 40 study neonates, 14 (35%) had one neurosonographic abnormality; two had two abnormalities. The predominant lesion was focal echolucencies, mainly in the area of the basal ganglia (10 of 40, 25%). Other findings were caudate echogenicity (3 of 40, 7.5%), ventricular dilation (2 of 40, 5%) and one &quot;moth-eaten&quot; appearance of the thalamus. Lesions were more likely approaching term and were not related to prematurity or alcohol use.

CONCLUSION Apparently normal neonates with a maternal history of cocaine use are likely to have degenerative changes or focal infarctions in their basal ganglia attributable to cocaine. Neurosonography should be used to evaluate these neonates. The long-term significance of these lesions needs further evaluation." />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Neurosonographic abnormalities associated with maternal history of cocaine use in neonates of appropriate size for their gestational age." />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/15/4/697" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="PURPOSE To determine whether increased incidence of neurosonographic abnormalities (predominantly of the basal ganglia and thalamus) in cocaine-exposed neonates who are small for their gestational age is attributable to the cocaine or to neonatal size.

METHODS Neonates whose sizes were appropriate for their gestational age with no evidence of hypoxia or respiratory distress were identified prospectively by a maternal history of cocaine use. Scans were performed within 72 hours of birth using a 7.5-MHz transducer following a standard protocol. The images were analyzed without access to patient information. Forty study neonates were compared with 34 control subjects who were appropriate in size for their gestational age, scanned using the same protocol. Comparisons were made using Fisher Exact Test, t test, and logistic regression.

RESULTS No control infant had neurosonographic abnormalities. In the study group, gestational age ranged from 27 to 41 weeks. Of the 40 study neonates, 14 (35%) had one neurosonographic abnormality; two had two abnormalities. The predominant lesion was focal echolucencies, mainly in the area of the basal ganglia (10 of 40, 25%). Other findings were caudate echogenicity (3 of 40, 7.5%), ventricular dilation (2 of 40, 5%) and one &quot;moth-eaten&quot; appearance of the thalamus. Lesions were more likely approaching term and were not related to prematurity or alcohol use.

CONCLUSION Apparently normal neonates with a maternal history of cocaine use are likely to have degenerative changes or focal infarctions in their basal ganglia attributable to cocaine. Neurosonography should be used to evaluate these neonates. The long-term significance of these lesions needs further evaluation." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Neurosonographic abnormalities associated with maternal history of cocaine use in neonates of appropriate size for their gestational age.</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">V S Dogra</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J M Shyken</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">P A Menon</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J Poblete</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">D Lewis</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">J S Smeltzer</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">April 1994,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">15 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">697-702; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-6004--6190123621" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V S Dogra </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Radiology, St Louis Regional Medical Center, MO 63112.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V%2BS%2BDogra%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dogra%20VS&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AV%2BS%2BDogra%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" 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href="/search/author1%3AP%2BA%2BMenon%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J Poblete </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Radiology, St Louis Regional Medical Center, MO 63112.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J%2BPoblete%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Poblete%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li 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          <p id="p-1"><strong>PURPOSE</strong> To determine whether increased incidence of neurosonographic abnormalities (predominantly of the basal ganglia and thalamus) in cocaine-exposed neonates who are small for their gestational age is attributable to the cocaine or to neonatal size.</p>
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          <p id="p-2"><strong>METHODS</strong> Neonates whose sizes were appropriate for their gestational age with no evidence of hypoxia or respiratory distress were identified prospectively by a maternal history of cocaine use. Scans were performed within 72 hours of birth using a 7.5-MHz transducer following a standard protocol. The images were analyzed without access to patient information. Forty study neonates were compared with 34 control subjects who were appropriate in size for their gestational age, scanned using the same protocol. Comparisons were made using Fisher Exact Test, t test, and logistic regression.</p>
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          <p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS</strong> No control infant had neurosonographic abnormalities. In the study group, gestational age ranged from 27 to 41 weeks. Of the 40 study neonates, 14 (35%) had one neurosonographic abnormality; two had two abnormalities. The predominant lesion was focal echolucencies, mainly in the area of the basal ganglia (10 of 40, 25%). Other findings were caudate echogenicity (3 of 40, 7.5%), ventricular dilation (2 of 40, 5%) and one "moth-eaten" appearance of the thalamus. Lesions were more likely approaching term and were not related to prematurity or alcohol use.</p>
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          <p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSION</strong> Apparently normal neonates with a maternal history of cocaine use are likely to have degenerative changes or focal infarctions in their basal ganglia attributable to cocaine. Neurosonography should be used to evaluate these neonates. The long-term significance of these lesions needs further evaluation.</p>
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