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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Is Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants an Innocent Condition? Structural and Functional Evaluation of the Brain Reveals Regional Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6438" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2020-03-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2020 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is increasing evidence of abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage grades I and II. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage on gray and white matter integrity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging at around term-equivalent age was performed in 16 very preterm infants (mean gestational age, 28.8 ± 5.3 weeks) with mild intraventricular hemorrhage on brain sonography and 13 control subjects (mean gestational age, 29.6 ± 4.1 weeks) without intraventricular hemorrhage. Structural and functional evaluation of the cortex was performed using regional measurements of surface area, thickness and volume, and resting-state fMRI, respectively, and of WM microstructural integrity, applying Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to diffusion tensor imaging data.

RESULTS: Compared with the control infants, the infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage had decreases in the following: 1) GM surface area in Brodmann areas 19 left and 9 and 45 right, and GM volume in Brodmann areas 9 and 10 right; 2) fractional anisotropy bilaterally in major WM tracts; and 3) brain activity in the left lower lateral and in the right higher medial somatosensory cortex.

CONCLUSIONS: Very premature infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage at around term-equivalent age may present with regional abnormalities, appearing on imaging studies as cortical underdevelopment, functional impairment, and microstructural immaturity of major WM tracts.

BA
:   Brodmann area
BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
fALFF
:   fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations
GA
:   gestational age
GABA
:   gamma-aminobutyric acid
GMH
:   germinal matrix hemorrhage
IVH
:   intraventricular hemorrhage
PALSB12
:   Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-Based atlas
SSC
:   somatosensory cortex" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.I. Argyropoulou" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.G. Astrakas" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V.G. Xydis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Drougia" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V. Mouka" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="I. Goel" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V. Giapros" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Andronikou" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2020-03-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Is Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants an Innocent Condition? Structural and Functional Evaluation of the Brain Reveals Regional Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is increasing evidence of abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage grades I and II. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage on gray and white matter integrity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR imaging at around term-equivalent age was performed in 16 very preterm infants (mean gestational age, 28.8 ± 5.3 weeks) with mild intraventricular hemorrhage on brain sonography and 13 control subjects (mean gestational age, 29.6 ± 4.1 weeks) without intraventricular hemorrhage. Structural and functional evaluation of the cortex was performed using regional measurements of surface area, thickness and volume, and resting-state fMRI, respectively, and of WM microstructural integrity, applying Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to diffusion tensor imaging data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Compared with the control infants, the infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage had decreases in the following: 1) GM surface area in Brodmann areas 19 left and 9 and 45 right, and GM volume in Brodmann areas 9 and 10 right; 2) fractional anisotropy bilaterally in major WM tracts; and 3) brain activity in the left lower lateral and in the right higher medial somatosensory cortex.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Very premature infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage at around term-equivalent age may present with regional abnormalities, appearing on imaging studies as cortical underdevelopment, functional impairment, and microstructural immaturity of major WM tracts.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Is Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants an Innocent Condition? Structural and Functional Evaluation of the Brain Reveals Regional Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is increasing evidence of abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage grades I and II. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage on gray and white matter integrity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging at around term-equivalent age was performed in 16 very preterm infants (mean gestational age, 28.8 ± 5.3 weeks) with mild intraventricular hemorrhage on brain sonography and 13 control subjects (mean gestational age, 29.6 ± 4.1 weeks) without intraventricular hemorrhage. Structural and functional evaluation of the cortex was performed using regional measurements of surface area, thickness and volume, and resting-state fMRI, respectively, and of WM microstructural integrity, applying Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to diffusion tensor imaging data.

RESULTS: Compared with the control infants, the infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage had decreases in the following: 1) GM surface area in Brodmann areas 19 left and 9 and 45 right, and GM volume in Brodmann areas 9 and 10 right; 2) fractional anisotropy bilaterally in major WM tracts; and 3) brain activity in the left lower lateral and in the right higher medial somatosensory cortex.

CONCLUSIONS: Very premature infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage at around term-equivalent age may present with regional abnormalities, appearing on imaging studies as cortical underdevelopment, functional impairment, and microstructural immaturity of major WM tracts.

BA
:   Brodmann area
BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
fALFF
:   fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations
GA
:   gestational age
GABA
:   gamma-aminobutyric acid
GMH
:   germinal matrix hemorrhage
IVH
:   intraventricular hemorrhage
PALSB12
:   Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-Based atlas
SSC
:   somatosensory cortex" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Is Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants an Innocent Condition? Structural and Functional Evaluation of the Brain Reveals Regional Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is increasing evidence of abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage grades I and II. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage on gray and white matter integrity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging at around term-equivalent age was performed in 16 very preterm infants (mean gestational age, 28.8 ± 5.3 weeks) with mild intraventricular hemorrhage on brain sonography and 13 control subjects (mean gestational age, 29.6 ± 4.1 weeks) without intraventricular hemorrhage. Structural and functional evaluation of the cortex was performed using regional measurements of surface area, thickness and volume, and resting-state fMRI, respectively, and of WM microstructural integrity, applying Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to diffusion tensor imaging data.

RESULTS: Compared with the control infants, the infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage had decreases in the following: 1) GM surface area in Brodmann areas 19 left and 9 and 45 right, and GM volume in Brodmann areas 9 and 10 right; 2) fractional anisotropy bilaterally in major WM tracts; and 3) brain activity in the left lower lateral and in the right higher medial somatosensory cortex.

CONCLUSIONS: Very premature infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage at around term-equivalent age may present with regional abnormalities, appearing on imaging studies as cortical underdevelopment, functional impairment, and microstructural immaturity of major WM tracts.

BA
:   Brodmann area
BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
fALFF
:   fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations
GA
:   gestational age
GABA
:   gamma-aminobutyric acid
GMH
:   germinal matrix hemorrhage
IVH
:   intraventricular hemorrhage
PALSB12
:   Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-Based atlas
SSC
:   somatosensory cortex" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Is Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants an Innocent Condition? Structural and Functional Evaluation of the Brain Reveals Regional Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M.I. Argyropoulou</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">L.G. Astrakas</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">V.G. Xydis</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A. Drougia</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">V. Mouka</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">I. Goel</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">V. Giapros</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">S. Andronikou</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 2020,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">41 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">542-547; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6438 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-73865--61228472901" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.I. Argyropoulou </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.I.A., V.G.X., V.M., I.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.I.%2BArgyropoulou%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Argyropoulou%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.I.%2BArgyropoulou%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3706" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.I. Argyropoulou</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L.G. Astrakas </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Medical Physics (L.G.A.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.G.%2BAstrakas%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Astrakas%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.G.%2BAstrakas%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-4805" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L.G. Astrakas</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V.G. Xydis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.I.A., V.G.X., V.M., I.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.G.%2BXydis%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Xydis%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.G.%2BXydis%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-9021" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V.G. Xydis</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Drougia </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Neonatology Unit (A.D., V.G., S.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BDrougia%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Drougia%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BDrougia%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4061-3499" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Drougia</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V. Mouka </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.I.A., V.G.X., V.M., I.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.%2BMouka%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mouka%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.%2BMouka%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-6564" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V. 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Goel </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.I.A., V.G.X., V.M., I.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=I.%2BGoel%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Goel%20I&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AI.%2BGoel%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-7468" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for I. 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 41</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 3 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Mar 2020 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2020, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">41 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">542-547; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6438 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2020, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">41 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">542-547; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6438 </span></div>
  
  
  
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