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<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/42/4/759.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Radiomics of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas: Toward a Pretherapeutic Differentiation of BRAF-Mutated and BRAF-Fused Tumors" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6998" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-04-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase ( BRAF ) status has important implications for prognosis and therapy of pediatric low-grade gliomas. Currently, BRAF status classification relies on biopsy. Our aim was to train and validate a radiomics approach to predict BRAF fusion and BRAF V600E mutation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this bi-institutional retrospective study, FLAIR MR imaging datasets of 115 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas from 2 children’s hospitals acquired between January 2009 and January 2016 were included and analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from tumor segmentations, and the predictive model was tested using independent training and testing datasets, with all available tumor types. The model was selected on the basis of a grid search on the number of trees, opting for the best split for a random forest. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate model performance.

RESULTS: The training cohort consisted of 94 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 9.4 years; 45 boys), and the external validation cohort comprised 21 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 8.37 years; 12 boys). A 4-fold cross-validation scheme predicted BRAF status with an area under the curve of 0.75 (SD, 0.12) (95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.89) on the internal validation cohort. By means of the optimal hyperparameters determined by 4-fold cross-validation, the area under the curve for the external validation was 0.85. Age and tumor location were significant predictors of BRAF status ( P values = .04 and &lt;.001, respectively). Sex was not a significant predictor ( P value = .96).

CONCLUSIONS: Radiomics-based prediction of BRAF status in pediatric low-grade gliomas appears feasible in this bi-institutional exploratory study.

AUC
:   area under the curve
JPA
:   juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
NPV
:   negative predictive value
pLGG
:   pediatric low-grade glioma
PPV
:   positive predictive value
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.W. Wagner" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Hainc" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Khalvati" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Namdar" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Figueiredo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Sheng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Laughlin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.M. Shroff" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Bouffet" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="U. Tabori" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Hawkins" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K.W. Yeom" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.B. Ertl-Wagner" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-04-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Radiomics of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas: Toward a Pretherapeutic Differentiation of BRAF-Mutated and BRAF-Fused Tumors" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;) status has important implications for prognosis and therapy of pediatric low-grade gliomas. Currently, &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; status classification relies on biopsy. Our aim was to train and validate a radiomics approach to predict &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; fusion and &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; V600E mutation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this bi-institutional retrospective study, FLAIR MR imaging datasets of 115 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas from 2 children’s hospitals acquired between January 2009 and January 2016 were included and analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from tumor segmentations, and the predictive model was tested using independent training and testing datasets, with all available tumor types. The model was selected on the basis of a grid search on the number of trees, opting for the best split for a random forest. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate model performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The training cohort consisted of 94 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 9.4 years; 45 boys), and the external validation cohort comprised 21 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 8.37 years; 12 boys). A 4-fold cross-validation scheme predicted &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; status with an area under the curve of 0.75 (SD, 0.12) (95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.89) on the internal validation cohort. By means of the optimal hyperparameters determined by 4-fold cross-validation, the area under the curve for the external validation was 0.85. Age and tumor location were significant predictors of &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; status (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values = .04 and &amp;lt;.001, respectively). Sex was not a significant predictor (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; value = .96).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Radiomics-based prediction of &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; status in pediatric low-grade gliomas appears feasible in this bi-institutional exploratory study.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Radiomics of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas: Toward a Pretherapeutic Differentiation of BRAF-Mutated and BRAF-Fused Tumors" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase ( BRAF ) status has important implications for prognosis and therapy of pediatric low-grade gliomas. Currently, BRAF status classification relies on biopsy. Our aim was to train and validate a radiomics approach to predict BRAF fusion and BRAF V600E mutation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this bi-institutional retrospective study, FLAIR MR imaging datasets of 115 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas from 2 children’s hospitals acquired between January 2009 and January 2016 were included and analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from tumor segmentations, and the predictive model was tested using independent training and testing datasets, with all available tumor types. The model was selected on the basis of a grid search on the number of trees, opting for the best split for a random forest. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate model performance.

RESULTS: The training cohort consisted of 94 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 9.4 years; 45 boys), and the external validation cohort comprised 21 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 8.37 years; 12 boys). A 4-fold cross-validation scheme predicted BRAF status with an area under the curve of 0.75 (SD, 0.12) (95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.89) on the internal validation cohort. By means of the optimal hyperparameters determined by 4-fold cross-validation, the area under the curve for the external validation was 0.85. Age and tumor location were significant predictors of BRAF status ( P values = .04 and &lt;.001, respectively). Sex was not a significant predictor ( P value = .96).

CONCLUSIONS: Radiomics-based prediction of BRAF status in pediatric low-grade gliomas appears feasible in this bi-institutional exploratory study.

AUC
:   area under the curve
JPA
:   juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
NPV
:   negative predictive value
pLGG
:   pediatric low-grade glioma
PPV
:   positive predictive value
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Radiomics of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas: Toward a Pretherapeutic Differentiation of BRAF-Mutated and BRAF-Fused Tumors" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/4/759" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase ( BRAF ) status has important implications for prognosis and therapy of pediatric low-grade gliomas. Currently, BRAF status classification relies on biopsy. Our aim was to train and validate a radiomics approach to predict BRAF fusion and BRAF V600E mutation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this bi-institutional retrospective study, FLAIR MR imaging datasets of 115 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas from 2 children’s hospitals acquired between January 2009 and January 2016 were included and analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from tumor segmentations, and the predictive model was tested using independent training and testing datasets, with all available tumor types. The model was selected on the basis of a grid search on the number of trees, opting for the best split for a random forest. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate model performance.

RESULTS: The training cohort consisted of 94 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 9.4 years; 45 boys), and the external validation cohort comprised 21 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (mean age, 8.37 years; 12 boys). A 4-fold cross-validation scheme predicted BRAF status with an area under the curve of 0.75 (SD, 0.12) (95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.89) on the internal validation cohort. By means of the optimal hyperparameters determined by 4-fold cross-validation, the area under the curve for the external validation was 0.85. Age and tumor location were significant predictors of BRAF status ( P values = .04 and &lt;.001, respectively). Sex was not a significant predictor ( P value = .96).

CONCLUSIONS: Radiomics-based prediction of BRAF status in pediatric low-grade gliomas appears feasible in this bi-institutional exploratory study.

AUC
:   area under the curve
JPA
:   juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
NPV
:   negative predictive value
pLGG
:   pediatric low-grade glioma
PPV
:   positive predictive value
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Radiomics of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas: Toward a Pretherapeutic Differentiation of <em>BRAF-</em>Mutated and <em>BRAF</em>-Fused Tumors</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M.W. Wagner</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">N. Hainc</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">F. Khalvati</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">K. Namdar</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">L. Figueiredo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M. Sheng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">S. Laughlin</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">M.M. Shroff</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">E. Bouffet</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">U. Tabori</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">C. Hawkins</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">K.W. Yeom</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">B.B. Ertl-Wagner</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">April 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">759-765; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6998 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-90327--61372580699" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.W. Wagner </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., N.H., F.K., K.N., M.S., S.L., M.M.S., B.B.E.-W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.W.%2BWagner%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wagner%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.W.%2BWagner%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-839X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.W. Wagner</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. Hainc </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., N.H., F.K., K.N., M.S., S.L., M.M.S., B.B.E.-W.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Neuroradiology (N.H.), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BHainc%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hainc%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BHainc%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-7387" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for N. Hainc</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Khalvati </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., N.H., F.K., K.N., M.S., S.L., M.M.S., B.B.E.-W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BKhalvati%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Khalvati%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BKhalvati%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-8660" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Khalvati</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Namdar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., N.H., F.K., K.N., M.S., S.L., M.M.S., B.B.E.-W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BNamdar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Namdar%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BNamdar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-6206" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K. Namdar</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Figueiredo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Division of Neuroradiology, Neurooncology (L.F., E.B., U.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BFigueiredo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Figueiredo%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BFigueiredo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-977X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Figueiredo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Sheng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., N.H., F.K., K.N., M.S., S.L., M.M.S., B.B.E.-W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BSheng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sheng%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BSheng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-8607" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Sheng</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Laughlin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., N.H., F.K., K.N., M.S., S.L., M.M.S., B.B.E.-W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BLaughlin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Laughlin%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BLaughlin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9972-5858" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Laughlin</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.M. Shroff </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., N.H., F.K., K.N., M.S., S.L., M.M.S., B.B.E.-W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.M.%2BShroff%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shroff%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.M.%2BShroff%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-5920" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.M. Shroff</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Bouffet </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Division of Neuroradiology, Neurooncology (L.F., E.B., U.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BBouffet%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bouffet%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BBouffet%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-6539" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E. Bouffet</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">U. Tabori </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Division of Neuroradiology, Neurooncology (L.F., E.B., U.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=U.%2BTabori%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tabori%20U&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AU.%2BTabori%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5019-2683" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for U. Tabori</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Hawkins </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Paediatric Laboratory Medicine (C.H.), Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BHawkins%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hawkins%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BHawkins%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-4402" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. 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Yeom </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (K.W.Y.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.W.%2BYeom%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yeom%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.W.%2BYeom%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-3368" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K.W. Yeom</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.B. Ertl-Wagner </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (M.W.W., N.H., F.K., K.N., M.S., S.L., M.M.S., B.B.E.-W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.B.%2BErtl-Wagner%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ertl-Wagner%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.B.%2BErtl-Wagner%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-7049" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B.B. 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wagner</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hainc</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Khalvati</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Namdar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Figueiredo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sheng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Laughlin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shroff</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bouffet</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">U.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tabori</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hawkins</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yeom</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ertl-Wagner</span></span></span></div>
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Apr 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">759-765; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6998 </span></div>
  
  
  
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