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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Widening the Neuroimaging Features of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7019" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-05-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="SUMMARY: Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (OMIM #615688) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, including small- and medium-sized vessel vasculopathies, but data focusing on the associated neuroimaging features are still scarce in the literature. Here, we describe the clinical neuroimaging features of 12 patients with genetically proven adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (6 males; median age at disease onset, 1.3 years; median age at genetic diagnosis, 15.5 years). Our findings expand the neuroimaging phenotype of this condition demonstrating, in addition to multiple, recurrent brain lacunar ischemic and/or hemorrhagic strokes, spinal infarcts, and intracranial aneurysms, also cerebral microbleeds and a peculiar, likely inflammatory, perivascular tissue in the basal and peripontine cisterns. Together with early clinical onset, positive family history, inflammatory flares and systemic abnormalities, these findings should raise the suspicion of adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency, thus prompting genetic evaluation and institution of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, with a potential great impact on neurologic outcome.

DADA2
:   adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency
TNF
:   tumor necrosis factor
PAN
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PRES
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.F. Geraldo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Caorsi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Tortora" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Gandolfo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Ammendola" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Alessio" />
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Signa" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Gattorno" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Rossi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Severino" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-05-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Widening the Neuroimaging Features of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;SUMMARY:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (OMIM #615688) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, including small- and medium-sized vessel vasculopathies, but data focusing on the associated neuroimaging features are still scarce in the literature. Here, we describe the clinical neuroimaging features of 12 patients with genetically proven adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (6 males; median age at disease onset, 1.3 years; median age at genetic diagnosis, 15.5 years). Our findings expand the neuroimaging phenotype of this condition demonstrating, in addition to multiple, recurrent brain lacunar ischemic and/or hemorrhagic strokes, spinal infarcts, and intracranial aneurysms, also cerebral microbleeds and a peculiar, likely inflammatory, perivascular tissue in the basal and peripontine cisterns. Together with early clinical onset, positive family history, inflammatory flares and systemic abnormalities, these findings should raise the suspicion of adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency, thus prompting genetic evaluation and institution of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, with a potential great impact on neurologic outcome.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Widening the Neuroimaging Features of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="SUMMARY: Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (OMIM #615688) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, including small- and medium-sized vessel vasculopathies, but data focusing on the associated neuroimaging features are still scarce in the literature. Here, we describe the clinical neuroimaging features of 12 patients with genetically proven adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (6 males; median age at disease onset, 1.3 years; median age at genetic diagnosis, 15.5 years). Our findings expand the neuroimaging phenotype of this condition demonstrating, in addition to multiple, recurrent brain lacunar ischemic and/or hemorrhagic strokes, spinal infarcts, and intracranial aneurysms, also cerebral microbleeds and a peculiar, likely inflammatory, perivascular tissue in the basal and peripontine cisterns. Together with early clinical onset, positive family history, inflammatory flares and systemic abnormalities, these findings should raise the suspicion of adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency, thus prompting genetic evaluation and institution of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, with a potential great impact on neurologic outcome.

DADA2
:   adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency
TNF
:   tumor necrosis factor
PAN
:   polyarteritis nodosa
PRES
:   posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Widening the Neuroimaging Features of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="SUMMARY: Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (OMIM #615688) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, including small- and medium-sized vessel vasculopathies, but data focusing on the associated neuroimaging features are still scarce in the literature. Here, we describe the clinical neuroimaging features of 12 patients with genetically proven adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (6 males; median age at disease onset, 1.3 years; median age at genetic diagnosis, 15.5 years). Our findings expand the neuroimaging phenotype of this condition demonstrating, in addition to multiple, recurrent brain lacunar ischemic and/or hemorrhagic strokes, spinal infarcts, and intracranial aneurysms, also cerebral microbleeds and a peculiar, likely inflammatory, perivascular tissue in the basal and peripontine cisterns. Together with early clinical onset, positive family history, inflammatory flares and systemic abnormalities, these findings should raise the suspicion of adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency, thus prompting genetic evaluation and institution of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, with a potential great impact on neurologic outcome.

DADA2
:   adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency
TNF
:   tumor necrosis factor
PAN
:   polyarteritis nodosa
PRES
:   posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Widening the Neuroimaging Features of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">A.F. Geraldo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">R. Caorsi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">D. Tortora</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Gandolfo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">R. Ammendola</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M. Alessio</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">G. Conti</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">A. Insalaco</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">S. Pastore</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">S. Martino</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">I. Ceccherini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">S. Signa</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">M. Gattorno</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">A. Rossi</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">M. Severino</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">975-979; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7019 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-90915--81873046194" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.F. Geraldo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., R.A., A.R., M.S.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Diagnostic Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department (A.F.G.), Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.F.%2BGeraldo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Geraldo%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.F.%2BGeraldo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-4387" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.F. Geraldo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Caorsi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies (R.C., S.S., M.G.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BCaorsi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Caorsi%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BCaorsi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-7846" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Caorsi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Tortora </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., R.A., A.R., M.S.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BTortora%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tortora%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BTortora%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-4046" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Tortora</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Gandolfo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Interventional Unit (C.G.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BGandolfo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gandolfo%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BGandolfo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-9107" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Gandolfo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Ammendola </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., R.A., A.R., M.S.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BAmmendola%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ammendola%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BAmmendola%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1018-8206" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Ammendola</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Alessio </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Translational Medical Sciences (M.A.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BAlessio%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Alessio%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BAlessio%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-3135" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Alessio</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Conti </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit (G.C.), AOU G Martino, Messina, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BConti%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Conti%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BConti%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-500X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G. Conti</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Insalaco </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Division of Rheumatology (A.I.), IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BInsalaco%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Insalaco%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BInsalaco%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-1840" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Insalaco</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Pastore </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>Department of Pediatrics (S.P.), Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BPastore%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pastore%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BPastore%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-0777" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. 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Martino </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics (S.M.), Regina Margherita Children Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BMartino%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Martino%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BMartino%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6861-8566" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. 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Signa </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies (R.C., S.S., M.G.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BSigna%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Signa%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BSigna%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9083-1726" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. 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Gattorno </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies (R.C., S.S., M.G.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BGattorno%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gattorno%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BGattorno%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-1916" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">vol. 42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">no. 5 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-page-string highwire-cite-metadata">975-979 </span></div>
  
  
  
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Signa</span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-13"><span class="name">M. Gattorno</span><a id="xref-aff-3-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-14"><span class="name">A. Rossi</span><a id="xref-aff-1-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-11-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-11">k</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-15"><span class="name">M. Severino</span><a id="xref-aff-1-5" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a></li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>a</sup>Neuroradiology Unit (A.F.G., D.T., R.A., A.R., M.S.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>b</sup>Diagnostic Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department (A.F.G.), Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>c</sup>Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies (R.C., S.S., M.G.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address><sup>d</sup>Interventional Unit (C.G.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-5" name="aff-5"></a><address><sup>e</sup>Department of Translational Medical Sciences (M.A.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-6" name="aff-6"></a><address><sup>f</sup>Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit (G.C.), AOU G Martino, Messina, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-7" name="aff-7"></a><address><sup>g</sup>Division of Rheumatology (A.I.), IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-8" name="aff-8"></a><address><sup>h</sup>Department of Pediatrics (S.P.), Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-9" name="aff-9"></a><address><sup>i</sup>Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics (S.M.), Regina Margherita Children Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-10" name="aff-10"></a><address><sup>j</sup>UOSD Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases (I.C.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-11" name="aff-11"></a><address><sup>k</sup>Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL) (A.R.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy</address></li></ol><ol class="corresp-list"><li class="corresp" id="corresp-1">Please address correspondence to Domenico Tortora, MD, PhD, Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, Genova 16148, Italia; e-mail: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr">domenicotortora{at}gaslini.org</span></span>; <a href="https://mobile.twitter.com/TortoraDomenico">@TortoraDomenico</a>; <a href="https://mobile.twitter.com/DrGeraldoFilipa">@DrGeraldoFilipa</a></li></ol></div></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/5/975.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Widening the Neuroimaging Features of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Geraldo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Caorsi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tortora</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gandolfo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ammendola</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Alessio</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Conti</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Insalaco</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pastore</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Martino</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ceccherini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Signa</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gattorno</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rossi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Severino</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">975-979; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7019 </span></div>
  
  
  
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