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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Distinguishing Pituitary Metastasis and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through Conventional MR Imaging and Clinical Features" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A8302" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2024-08-01" />
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<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Given their overlapping features, pituitary metastases frequently imitate pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in neuroimaging studies. This study aimed to distinguish pituitary metastases from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors on the basis of conventional MR imaging and clinical features as a practical approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this 2-center retrospective study, backward from January 2024, preoperative pituitary MR imaging examinations of 22 pituitary metastases and 74 pituitary neuroendocrine tumors were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of a definitive histopathologic diagnosis, history of pituitary surgery or radiation therapy before MR imaging, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors treated with medical therapy. Two radiologists systematically evaluated 13 conventional MR imaging features that have been reported more commonly as indicative of pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in the literature. Age, sex, history of cancer, and maximum tumor size constituted the clinical/epidemiologic features. The primary cancer origin for this study was also noted. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used for the selection of variables, determining independent predictors, and modeling. Interobserver agreement was evaluated for all imaging parameters using the Cohen κ statistic or intraclass correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with pituitary metastases (8 women; mean age, 49.5 [SD, 13] years) and 74 patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (36 women; mean age, 50.1 [SD, 11] years) were enrolled. There was no statistically significant distributional difference in age, sex, or maximum tumor size between the 2 groups. Lung cancer (9/22; 41%) was the most commonly reported primary tumor, followed by breast (3/22; 13.6%) and unknown cancer (3/22; 13.6%). Logistic regression revealed 3 independent predictors: rapid growth on control MR imaging, masslike or nodular expansion of the pituitary stalk, and a history of cancer. The model based on these 3 features achieved an area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Brier score of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.964–1), 97.9% (95% CI, 92.7%–99.8%), 95.5% (95% CI, 77.2%–99.9%), 98.6% (95% CI, 92.7%–100%), and 0.025, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Two conventional features based on pituitary MR imaging with the clinical variable of history of cancer had satisfying predictive performance, making them potential discriminators between pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. In cases in which differentiation between pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors poses a challenge, the results of this study may help with the diagnosis.

AUC
:   area under the curve
PitNET
:   pituitary neuroendocrine tumor
PM
:   pituitary metastasis
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Sabahattin Yuzkan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Buruc Erkan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Fatih Mert Dogukan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Uluc Ozkiziltan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Serdar Balsak" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Fatma Zeynep Arslan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Berk Tutuncuoglu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Ceyda Ceren Arikan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Huseyin Karatay" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Ebubekir Akpinar" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Yesim Ertan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Esra Hatipoglu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Cenk Eraslan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Omer Kitis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Cem Calli" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Burak Kocak" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2024-08-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain Tumor Imaging" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Distinguishing Pituitary Metastasis and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through Conventional MR Imaging and Clinical Features" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Given their overlapping features, pituitary metastases frequently imitate pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in neuroimaging studies. This study aimed to distinguish pituitary metastases from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors on the basis of conventional MR imaging and clinical features as a practical approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this 2-center retrospective study, backward from January 2024, preoperative pituitary MR imaging examinations of 22 pituitary metastases and 74 pituitary neuroendocrine tumors were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of a definitive histopathologic diagnosis, history of pituitary surgery or radiation therapy before MR imaging, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors treated with medical therapy. Two radiologists systematically evaluated 13 conventional MR imaging features that have been reported more commonly as indicative of pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in the literature. Age, sex, history of cancer, and maximum tumor size constituted the clinical/epidemiologic features. The primary cancer origin for this study was also noted. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used for the selection of variables, determining independent predictors, and modeling. Interobserver agreement was evaluated for all imaging parameters using the Cohen κ statistic or intraclass correlation coefficient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A total of 22 patients with pituitary metastases (8 women; mean age, 49.5 [SD, 13] years) and 74 patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (36 women; mean age, 50.1 [SD, 11] years) were enrolled. There was no statistically significant distributional difference in age, sex, or maximum tumor size between the 2 groups. Lung cancer (9/22; 41%) was the most commonly reported primary tumor, followed by breast (3/22; 13.6%) and unknown cancer (3/22; 13.6%). Logistic regression revealed 3 independent predictors: rapid growth on control MR imaging, masslike or nodular expansion of the pituitary stalk, and a history of cancer. The model based on these 3 features achieved an area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Brier score of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.964–1), 97.9% (95% CI, 92.7%–99.8%), 95.5% (95% CI, 77.2%–99.9%), 98.6% (95% CI, 92.7%–100%), and 0.025, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Two conventional features based on pituitary MR imaging with the clinical variable of history of cancer had satisfying predictive performance, making them potential discriminators between pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. In cases in which differentiation between pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors poses a challenge, the results of this study may help with the diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/08/01" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;45/8/1063" />
<meta name="citation_id" content="45/8/1063" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A8302" />
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="38871368" />
<meta name="citation_volume" content="45" />
<meta name="citation_issue" content="8" />
<meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article" />
<meta name="citation_section" content="Brain Tumor Imaging" />
<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1063" />
<meta name="citation_lastpage" content="1069" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Sabahattin Yuzkan" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (S.Y.), Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-1737" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Distinguishing Pituitary Metastasis and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through Conventional MR Imaging and Clinical Features" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Given their overlapping features, pituitary metastases frequently imitate pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in neuroimaging studies. This study aimed to distinguish pituitary metastases from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors on the basis of conventional MR imaging and clinical features as a practical approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this 2-center retrospective study, backward from January 2024, preoperative pituitary MR imaging examinations of 22 pituitary metastases and 74 pituitary neuroendocrine tumors were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of a definitive histopathologic diagnosis, history of pituitary surgery or radiation therapy before MR imaging, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors treated with medical therapy. Two radiologists systematically evaluated 13 conventional MR imaging features that have been reported more commonly as indicative of pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in the literature. Age, sex, history of cancer, and maximum tumor size constituted the clinical/epidemiologic features. The primary cancer origin for this study was also noted. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used for the selection of variables, determining independent predictors, and modeling. Interobserver agreement was evaluated for all imaging parameters using the Cohen κ statistic or intraclass correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with pituitary metastases (8 women; mean age, 49.5 [SD, 13] years) and 74 patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (36 women; mean age, 50.1 [SD, 11] years) were enrolled. There was no statistically significant distributional difference in age, sex, or maximum tumor size between the 2 groups. Lung cancer (9/22; 41%) was the most commonly reported primary tumor, followed by breast (3/22; 13.6%) and unknown cancer (3/22; 13.6%). Logistic regression revealed 3 independent predictors: rapid growth on control MR imaging, masslike or nodular expansion of the pituitary stalk, and a history of cancer. The model based on these 3 features achieved an area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Brier score of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.964–1), 97.9% (95% CI, 92.7%–99.8%), 95.5% (95% CI, 77.2%–99.9%), 98.6% (95% CI, 92.7%–100%), and 0.025, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Two conventional features based on pituitary MR imaging with the clinical variable of history of cancer had satisfying predictive performance, making them potential discriminators between pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. In cases in which differentiation between pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors poses a challenge, the results of this study may help with the diagnosis.

AUC
:   area under the curve
PitNET
:   pituitary neuroendocrine tumor
PM
:   pituitary metastasis
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Distinguishing Pituitary Metastasis and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through Conventional MR Imaging and Clinical Features" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/45/8/1063" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Given their overlapping features, pituitary metastases frequently imitate pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in neuroimaging studies. This study aimed to distinguish pituitary metastases from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors on the basis of conventional MR imaging and clinical features as a practical approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this 2-center retrospective study, backward from January 2024, preoperative pituitary MR imaging examinations of 22 pituitary metastases and 74 pituitary neuroendocrine tumors were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of a definitive histopathologic diagnosis, history of pituitary surgery or radiation therapy before MR imaging, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors treated with medical therapy. Two radiologists systematically evaluated 13 conventional MR imaging features that have been reported more commonly as indicative of pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors in the literature. Age, sex, history of cancer, and maximum tumor size constituted the clinical/epidemiologic features. The primary cancer origin for this study was also noted. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used for the selection of variables, determining independent predictors, and modeling. Interobserver agreement was evaluated for all imaging parameters using the Cohen κ statistic or intraclass correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with pituitary metastases (8 women; mean age, 49.5 [SD, 13] years) and 74 patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (36 women; mean age, 50.1 [SD, 11] years) were enrolled. There was no statistically significant distributional difference in age, sex, or maximum tumor size between the 2 groups. Lung cancer (9/22; 41%) was the most commonly reported primary tumor, followed by breast (3/22; 13.6%) and unknown cancer (3/22; 13.6%). Logistic regression revealed 3 independent predictors: rapid growth on control MR imaging, masslike or nodular expansion of the pituitary stalk, and a history of cancer. The model based on these 3 features achieved an area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Brier score of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.964–1), 97.9% (95% CI, 92.7%–99.8%), 95.5% (95% CI, 77.2%–99.9%), 98.6% (95% CI, 92.7%–100%), and 0.025, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Two conventional features based on pituitary MR imaging with the clinical variable of history of cancer had satisfying predictive performance, making them potential discriminators between pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. In cases in which differentiation between pituitary metastases and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors poses a challenge, the results of this study may help with the diagnosis.

AUC
:   area under the curve
PitNET
:   pituitary neuroendocrine tumor
PM
:   pituitary metastasis
ROC
:   receiver operating characteristic" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node109266--5" data-node-nid="109266" id="top-node-109266--61577595676" data-pisa="ajnr;45/8/1063" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8302" data-apath="/ajnr/45/8/1063.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Brain Tumor Imaging</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="ajnr;ajnr.A8302" data-atom-uri="/ajnr/45/8/1063.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Distinguishing Pituitary Metastasis and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through Conventional MR Imaging and Clinical Features</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Sabahattin Yuzkan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Buruc Erkan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Fatih Mert Dogukan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Uluc Ozkiziltan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Serdar Balsak</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Fatma Zeynep Arslan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Berk Tutuncuoglu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Ceyda Ceren Arikan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">Huseyin Karatay</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">Ebubekir Akpinar</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">Yesim Ertan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">Esra Hatipoglu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">Cenk Eraslan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">Omer Kitis</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">Cem Calli</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">Burak Kocak</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2024,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">45 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(8) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1063-1069; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8302 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-109266--61577595676" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Sabahattin Yuzkan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.Y.), Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Sabahattin%2BYuzkan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yuzkan%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ASabahattin%2BYuzkan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-1737" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Sabahattin Yuzkan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Buruc Erkan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurosurgery (B.E., E.A.), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Pituitary Diseases Practice and Research Center (B.E.), University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Buruc%2BErkan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Erkan%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ABuruc%2BErkan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-0613" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Buruc Erkan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Fatih Mert Dogukan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Pathology (F.M.D., H.K.), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Fatih%2BMert%2BDogukan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dogukan%20FM&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AFatih%2BMert%2BDogukan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Uluc Ozkiziltan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (U.O., C.E., O.K., C.C.), Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Uluc%2BOzkiziltan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ozkiziltan%20U&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AUluc%2BOzkiziltan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" 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href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Balsak%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ASerdar%2BBalsak%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8765-4418" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Serdar Balsak</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Fatma Zeynep Arslan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Department of Radiology (F.Z.A., B.T., C.C.A., B.K.), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Fatma%2BZeynep%2BArslan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Arslan%20FZ&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AFatma%2BZeynep%2BArslan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Berk Tutuncuoglu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Department of Radiology (F.Z.A., B.T., C.C.A., B.K.), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Berk%2BTutuncuoglu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tutuncuoglu%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ABerk%2BTutuncuoglu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Ceyda Ceren Arikan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Department of Radiology (F.Z.A., B.T., C.C.A., B.K.), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Ceyda%2BCeren%2BArikan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Arikan%20CC&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ACeyda%2BCeren%2BArikan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Huseyin Karatay </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Pathology (F.M.D., H.K.), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Huseyin%2BKaratay%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Karatay%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AHuseyin%2BKaratay%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Ebubekir Akpinar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Neurosurgery (B.E., E.A.), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Ebubekir%2BAkpinar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Akpinar%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a 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on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AYesim%2BErtan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Esra Hatipoglu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>Division of Endocrinology (E.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Esra%2BHatipoglu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hatipoglu%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AEsra%2BHatipoglu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8361-8866" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Esra Hatipoglu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Cenk Eraslan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (U.O., C.E., O.K., C.C.), Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Cenk%2BEraslan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Eraslan%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ACenk%2BEraslan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Omer Kitis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (U.O., C.E., O.K., C.C.), Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Omer%2BKitis%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kitis%20O&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AOmer%2BKitis%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-5449" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Omer Kitis</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Cem Calli </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (U.O., C.E., O.K., C.C.), Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Cem%2BCalli%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Calli%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ACem%2BCalli%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-15"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Burak Kocak </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Department of Radiology (F.Z.A., B.T., C.C.A., B.K.), Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Burak%2BKocak%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kocak%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ABurak%2BKocak%2B" 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sabahattin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yuzkan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Buruc</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Erkan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fatih Mert</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dogukan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Uluc</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ozkiziltan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Serdar</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Balsak</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fatma Zeynep</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Arslan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Berk</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tutuncuoglu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ceyda Ceren</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Arikan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Huseyin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Karatay</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ebubekir</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Akpinar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Yesim</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ertan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Esra</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hatipoglu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Cenk</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Eraslan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Omer</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kitis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Cem</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Calli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Burak</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kocak</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Aug 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">45 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(8) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1063-1069; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8302 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Distinguishing Pituitary Metastasis and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through Conventional MR Imaging and Clinical Features</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sabahattin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yuzkan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Buruc</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Erkan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fatih Mert</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dogukan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Uluc</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ozkiziltan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Serdar</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Balsak</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Fatma Zeynep</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Arslan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Berk</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tutuncuoglu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ceyda Ceren</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Arikan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Huseyin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Karatay</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ebubekir</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Akpinar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Yesim</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ertan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Esra</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hatipoglu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Cenk</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Eraslan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Omer</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kitis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Cem</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Calli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Burak</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kocak</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Aug 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">45 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(8) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1063-1069; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8302 </span></div>
  
  
  
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