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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Comprehensive Review of the Utility of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for the Diagnosis and Treatment Assessment of Spinal Benign and Malignant Osseous Disease" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="Conventional MRI is currently the preferred imaging technique for detection and evaluation of malignant spinal lesions. However, this technique is limited in its ability to assess tumor viability. Unlike conventional MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI provides insight into the physiologic and hemodynamic characteristics of malignant spinal tumors and has been utilized in different types of spinal diseases. DCE has been shown to be especially useful in the cancer setting; specifically, DCE can discriminate between malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures as well as between atypical hemangiomas and metastases. DCE has also been shown to differentiate between different types of metastases. Furthermore, DCE can be useful in the assessment of radiation therapy for spinal metastases, including the prediction of tumor recurrence. This review considers data analysis methods utilized in prior studies of DCE-MRI data acquisition and clinical implications.

AIF
:   arterial input function
AUC
:   area under the curve
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
EES
:   extravascular extracellular space
HD-IGRT
:   high-dose image-guided radiation therapy
Kep
:   exchange rate constant
K trans
:   permeability constant
PD
:   progressive disease
SCI
:   spinal cord injury
SPGR
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TIC
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Ve
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Vp
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Atin Saha" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Haley Gibbs" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kyung K. Peck" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Onur Yildirim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Parsa Nilchian" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Sasan Karimi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Eric Lis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Vilma Kosović" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Andrei I. Holodny" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2024-10-31" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Comprehensive Review of the Utility of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for the Diagnosis and Treatment Assessment of Spinal Benign and Malignant Osseous Disease" />
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&lt;p&gt;Conventional MRI is currently the preferred imaging technique for detection and evaluation of malignant spinal lesions. However, this technique is limited in its ability to assess tumor viability. Unlike conventional MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI provides insight into the physiologic and hemodynamic characteristics of malignant spinal tumors and has been utilized in different types of spinal diseases. DCE has been shown to be especially useful in the cancer setting; specifically, DCE can discriminate between malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures as well as between atypical hemangiomas and metastases. DCE has also been shown to differentiate between different types of metastases. Furthermore, DCE can be useful in the assessment of radiation therapy for spinal metastases, including the prediction of tumor recurrence. This review considers data analysis methods utilized in prior studies of DCE-MRI data acquisition and clinical implications.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Sasan Karimi" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (A.S., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-3551" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Eric Lis" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (A.S., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4138-3867" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Vilma Kosović" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dDepartment of Radiology (V.K.), General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Andrei I. Holodny" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartment of Radiology (A.S., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-2705" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Comprehensive Review of the Utility of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for the Diagnosis and Treatment Assessment of Spinal Benign and Malignant Osseous Disease" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Conventional MRI is currently the preferred imaging technique for detection and evaluation of malignant spinal lesions. However, this technique is limited in its ability to assess tumor viability. Unlike conventional MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI provides insight into the physiologic and hemodynamic characteristics of malignant spinal tumors and has been utilized in different types of spinal diseases. DCE has been shown to be especially useful in the cancer setting; specifically, DCE can discriminate between malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures as well as between atypical hemangiomas and metastases. DCE has also been shown to differentiate between different types of metastases. Furthermore, DCE can be useful in the assessment of radiation therapy for spinal metastases, including the prediction of tumor recurrence. This review considers data analysis methods utilized in prior studies of DCE-MRI data acquisition and clinical implications.

AIF
:   arterial input function
AUC
:   area under the curve
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
EES
:   extravascular extracellular space
HD-IGRT
:   high-dose image-guided radiation therapy
Kep
:   exchange rate constant
K trans
:   permeability constant
PD
:   progressive disease
SCI
:   spinal cord injury
SPGR
:   spoiled gradient recalled
TIC
:   time intensity curve
Ve
:   extracellular volume fraction
Vp
:   plasma volume" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Comprehensive Review of the Utility of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for the Diagnosis and Treatment Assessment of Spinal Benign and Malignant Osseous Disease" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/early/2024/10/31/ajnr.A8398" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="Conventional MRI is currently the preferred imaging technique for detection and evaluation of malignant spinal lesions. However, this technique is limited in its ability to assess tumor viability. Unlike conventional MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI provides insight into the physiologic and hemodynamic characteristics of malignant spinal tumors and has been utilized in different types of spinal diseases. DCE has been shown to be especially useful in the cancer setting; specifically, DCE can discriminate between malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures as well as between atypical hemangiomas and metastases. DCE has also been shown to differentiate between different types of metastases. Furthermore, DCE can be useful in the assessment of radiation therapy for spinal metastases, including the prediction of tumor recurrence. This review considers data analysis methods utilized in prior studies of DCE-MRI data acquisition and clinical implications.

AIF
:   arterial input function
AUC
:   area under the curve
DCE
:   dynamic contrast-enhanced
EES
:   extravascular extracellular space
HD-IGRT
:   high-dose image-guided radiation therapy
Kep
:   exchange rate constant
K trans
:   permeability constant
PD
:   progressive disease
SCI
:   spinal cord injury
SPGR
:   spoiled gradient recalled
TIC
:   time intensity curve
Ve
:   extracellular volume fraction
Vp
:   plasma volume" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node111676--5" data-node-nid="111676" id="top-node-111676--61767400549" data-pisa="ajnr;ajnr.A8398v1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8398" data-apath="/ajnr/early/2024/10/31/ajnr.A8398.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Comprehensive Review of the Utility of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for the Diagnosis and Treatment Assessment of Spinal Benign and Malignant Osseous Disease</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Atin Saha</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Haley Gibbs</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Kyung K. Peck</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Onur Yildirim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Parsa Nilchian</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Sasan Karimi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Eric Lis</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Vilma Kosović</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">Andrei I. Holodny</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">October 2024,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8398 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-111676--61767400549" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Atin Saha </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (A.S., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Atin%2BSaha%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Saha%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AAtin%2BSaha%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8446-6315" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Atin Saha</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Haley Gibbs </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Haley%2BGibbs%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gibbs%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AHaley%2BGibbs%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8217-8035" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Haley Gibbs</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Kyung K. Peck </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Medical Physics (K.K.P.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Kyung%2BK.%2BPeck%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Peck%20KK&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AKyung%2BK.%2BPeck%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-3078" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Kyung K. Peck</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Onur Yildirim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Onur%2BYildirim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yildirim%20O&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AOnur%2BYildirim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1586-1933" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Onur Yildirim</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Parsa Nilchian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Parsa%2BNilchian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Nilchian%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AParsa%2BNilchian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-5946" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Parsa Nilchian</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Sasan Karimi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (A.S., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Sasan%2BKarimi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Karimi%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ASasan%2BKarimi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-3551" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Sasan Karimi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Eric Lis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (A.S., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Eric%2BLis%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" 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Croatia</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Vilma%2BKosovi%C4%87%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kosovi%C4%87%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AVilma%2BKosovi%25C4%2587%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Andrei I. Holodny </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.S., H.G., O.Y., P.N., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (A.S., S.K., E.L., A.I.H.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Andrei%2BI.%2BHolodny%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Holodny%20AI&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AAndrei%2BI.%2BHolodny%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-2705" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Andrei I. 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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Comprehensive Review of the Utility of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for the Diagnosis and Treatment Assessment of Spinal Benign and Malignant Osseous Disease</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8398 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Atin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Saha</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Haley</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gibbs</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kyung K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Peck</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Onur</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yildirim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Parsa</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nilchian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sasan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Karimi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Eric</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Vilma</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kosović</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Andrei I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Holodny</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2024, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A8398 </span></div>
  
  
  
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